Pre-Academic Learning Self-Efficacy revisited: Validation in the Danish Academy Profession Degree context and differences across degree programs

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1 Appendix

Table A1. DIF-equating of sum scores across subgroups defined by Academy Profession Degree program (APD^a) and age^b Reference group^c

APD = 1 Age = 1

APD = 2 Age =1

APD = 3 Age =1

APD = 4 Age =1

APD = 5 Age =1

APD = 6 Age =1

APD = 7 Age =1

APD = 8 Age =1

APD = 9 Age =1

APD = 10 Age =1

APD = 11 Age =1

5.00 5.00 5.00 5.05 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.05 5.00 5.00 5.00

6.00 6.58 6.25 5.05 6.63 6.30 6.55 5.05 6.48 6.26 6.15

7.00 7.73 7.29 6.17 7.79 7.34 7.70 6.25 7.57 7.28 7.20

8.00 8.68 8.22 7.48 8.71 8.28 8.65 7.63 8.47 8.19 8.21

9.00 9.57 9.13 8.64 9.53 9.18 9.55 8.88 9.31 9.07 9.22

10.00 10.44 10.05 9.71 10.32 10.09 10.44 10.01 10.15 9.97 10.24

11.00 11.31 11.01 10.78 11.15 11.02 11.31 11.05 11.03 10.92 11.22

12.00 12.19 11.98 11.88 12.03 11.96 12.17 12.04 11.96 11.92 12.13

13.00 13.16 12.95 12.94 12.98 12.88 13.07 13.03 12.89 12.91 13.05

14.00 14.19 13.92 13.94 13.95 13.80 14.02 14.01 13.82 13.84 13.99

15.00 15.17 14.87 14.93 14.92 14.72 14.96 14.99 14.77 14.72 14.90

16.00 16.05 15.81 15.90 15.87 15.63 15.86 15.94 15.72 15.53 15.75

17.00 16.89 16.71 16.85 16.80 16.51 16.73 16.87 16.64 16.33 16.58

18.00 17.77 17.66 17.82 17.77 17.45 17.66 17.83 17.61 17.24 17.49

19.00 18.81 18.76 18.87 18.83 18.63 18.75 18.87 18.73 18.49 18.64

Continues … Reference group

APD = 1

Age = 1 APD = 12

Age =1 APD = 13

Age =1 APD = 14

Age =1 APD = 15

Age =1 APD = 16

Age =1 APD = 17

Age =1 APD = 18

Age =1 APD = 19

Age =1 APD = 20

Age =1 APD = 21 Age =1

5.00 5.00 5.00 5.05 5.05 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.05 5.00 5.00

6.00 6.54 6.54 5.04 5.05 6.51 6.41 6.48 5.05 6.48 6.34

7.00 7.64 7.67 6.28 6.26 7.63 7.41 7.60 6.26 7.58 7.44

8.00 8.52 8.61 7.69 7.66 8.58 8.24 8.56 7.66 8.50 8.44

9.00 9.33 9.47 8.98 8.92 9.47 9.02 9.47 8.92 9.37 9.43

10.00 10.13 10.33 10.15 10.07 10.36 9.84 10.39 10.06 10.23 10.44

11.00 11.00 11.19 11.20 11.12 11.24 10.76 11.28 11.10 11.11 11.40

12.00 11.95 12.08 12.13 12.08 12.13 11.81 12.14 12.06 12.03 12.28

13.00 12.93 12.99 13.04 13.03 13.04 12.84 13.00 12.98 12.96 13.19

14.00 13.86 13.92 13.98 13.98 13.98 13.79 13.90 13.92 13.86 14.17

15.00 14.71 14.86 14.93 14.90 14.94 14.70 14.81 14.85 14.69 15.19

16.00 15.47 15.78 15.88 15.74 15.88 15.55 15.70 15.76 15.43 16.24

17.00 16.22 16.66 16.80 16.55 16.80 16.38 16.56 16.64 16.18 17.37

18.00 17.12 17.61 17.76 17.46 17.76 17.31 17.50 17.58 17.09 18.48

19.00 18.42 18.72 18.83 18.62 18.83 18.54 18.65 18.70 18.40 19.36

Continues …

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2 Reference group

APD = 1

Age = 1 APD = 22

Age =1 APD = 1

Age =2 APD = 2

Age =2 APD = 3

Age =2 APD = 4

Age =2 APD = 5

Age =2 APD = 6

Age =2 APD = 7

Age =2 APD = 8

5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.05 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.05 5.00

6.00 6.28 5.94 6.49 6.18 5.05 6.55 6.22 6.46 5.05 6.40

7.00 7.36 6.90 7.62 7.18 6.08 7.68 7.24 7.58 6.14 7.46

8.00 8.36 7.89 8.57 8.11 7.37 8.59 8.17 8.54 7.52 8.36

9.00 9.37 8.90 9.47 9.03 8.54 9.43 9.08 9.45 8.78 9.21

10.00 10.40 9.92 10.36 9.97 9.63 10.24 10.01 10.36 9.93 10.07

11.00 11.36 10.94 11.26 10.94 10.71 11.09 10.96 11.26 11.00 10.97

12.00 12.24 11.96 12.16 11.94 11.84 12.00 11.92 12.14 12.01 11.92

13.00 13.12 12.96 13.12 12.92 12.90 12.95 12.85 13.04 12.99 12.85

14.00 14.04 13.95 14.13 13.86 13.89 13.90 13.75 13.97 13.96 13.76

15.00 14.99 14.93 15.10 14.81 14.86 14.86 14.66 14.89 14.92 14.70

16.00 15.93 15.94 15.99 15.75 15.84 15.81 15.57 15.80 15.88 15.66

17.00 16.86 16.96 16.85 16.67 16.81 16.76 16.46 16.68 16.83 16.60

18.00 17.82 17.98 17.75 17.64 17.80 17.74 17.42 17.63 17.80 17.58

19.00 18.87 19.00 18.80 18.75 18.86 18.82 18.62 18.74 18.86 18.72

APD = 1

Age = 1 APD = 10

Age =2 APD = 11

Age =2 APD = 12

Age =2 APD = 13

Age =2 APD = 14

Age =2 APD = 15

Age =2 APD = 16

Age =2 APD = 17

Age =2 APD = 18

5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.05 5.05 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.05

6.00 6.18 6.08 6.46 6.45 5.02 5.05 6.42 6.33 6.39 5.05

7.00 7.17 7.09 7.53 7.56 6.17 6.15 7.52 7.32 7.49 6.15

8.00 8.08 8.09 8.41 8.49 7.57 7.54 8.46 8.14 8.44 7.54

9.00 8.97 9.12 9.23 9.37 8.88 8.83 9.37 8.93 9.37 8.82

10.00 9.89 10.16 10.05 10.25 10.08 9.99 10.28 9.75 10.31 9.98

11.00 10.86 11.16 10.93 11.14 11.15 11.06 11.19 10.69 11.23 11.04

12.00 11.88 12.10 11.91 12.04 12.10 12.05 12.09 11.77 12.10 12.02

13.00 12.87 13.01 12.89 12.95 13.01 13.00 13.00 12.80 12.97 12.95

14.00 13.80 13.93 13.81 13.87 13.93 13.93 13.93 13.74 13.84 13.86

15.00 14.67 14.84 14.65 14.80 14.87 14.83 14.88 14.64 14.74 14.79

16.00 15.48 15.69 15.42 15.72 15.82 15.68 15.82 15.50 15.64 15.70

17.00 16.28 16.53 16.17 16.62 16.76 16.51 16.76 16.34 16.52 16.59

18.00 17.20 17.46 17.08 17.58 17.73 17.43 17.73 17.28 17.47 17.55

19.00 18.47 18.62 18.40 18.71 18.82 18.60 18.82 18.52 18.64 18.69

Continues …

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3 Reference group

APD = 1

Age = 1 APD = 20

Age =2 APD = 21

Age =2 APD = 22

Age =2 APD = 1

Age =3 APD = 2

Age =3 APD = 3

Age =3 APD = 4

Age =3 APD = 5

Age =3 APD = 6

5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.05 5.00 5.00 5.00

6.00 6.40 6.26 6.20 5.91 6.45 6.14 5.05 6.50 6.18 6.42

7.00 7.47 7.33 7.24 6.84 7.55 7.12 6.04 7.61 7.18 7.52

8.00 8.39 8.32 8.24 7.82 8.49 8.04 7.30 8.51 8.09 8.45

9.00 9.27 9.32 9.27 8.81 9.37 8.94 8.45 9.33 8.98 9.35

10.00 10.15 10.36 10.32 9.79 10.24 9.85 9.50 10.12 9.89 10.24

11.00 11.06 11.35 11.31 10.79 11.13 10.80 10.56 10.96 10.82 11.13

12.00 11.99 12.25 12.21 11.84 12.04 11.82 11.70 11.88 11.80 12.03

13.00 12.92 13.15 13.08 12.86 13.01 12.81 12.80 12.85 12.75 12.94

14.00 13.82 14.12 13.99 13.82 14.00 13.74 13.76 13.78 13.63 13.84

15.00 14.63 15.11 14.92 14.77 14.94 14.66 14.71 14.70 14.51 14.74

16.00 15.38 16.17 15.87 15.75 15.82 15.58 15.66 15.64 15.41 15.63

17.00 16.13 17.32 16.82 16.75 16.65 16.47 16.61 16.56 16.27 16.49

18.00 17.04 18.47 17.80 17.74 17.51 17.39 17.56 17.50 17.18 17.39

19.00 18.38 19.36 18.86 18.80 18.57 18.52 18.65 18.60 18.35 18.50

APD = 1

Age = 1 APD = 8

Age =3 APD = 9

Age =3 APD = 10

Age =3 APD = 11

Age =3 APD = 12

Age =3 APD = 13

Age =3 APD = 14

Age =3 APD = 15

Age =3 APD = 16

5.00 5.05 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.05 5.05 5.00 5.00

6.00 5.05 6.35 6.15 6.05 6.41 6.41 5.01 5.05 6.38 6.29

7.00 6.09 7.40 7.12 7.03 7.47 7.49 6.12 6.10 7.45 7.26

8.00 7.45 8.28 8.01 8.02 8.34 8.41 7.50 7.47 8.38 8.07

9.00 8.68 9.12 8.88 9.02 9.13 9.27 8.78 8.73 9.27 8.83

10.00 9.80 9.95 9.77 10.03 9.93 10.13 9.94 9.86 10.16 9.63

11.00 10.85 10.84 10.71 11.02 10.80 11.01 11.00 10.92 11.06 10.54

12.00 11.88 11.80 11.76 11.98 11.79 11.92 11.98 11.92 11.98 11.64

13.00 12.88 12.75 12.77 12.91 12.79 12.85 12.91 12.89 12.90 12.70

14.00 13.83 13.64 13.68 13.81 13.70 13.75 13.80 13.81 13.81 13.62

15.00 14.76 14.55 14.53 14.69 14.52 14.64 14.71 14.69 14.72 14.49

16.00 15.70 15.49 15.33 15.53 15.27 15.55 15.64 15.52 15.65 15.34

17.00 16.63 16.40 16.10 16.34 15.99 16.43 16.56 16.32 16.56 16.15

18.00 17.57 17.34 16.95 17.21 16.83 17.34 17.49 17.18 17.49 17.03

19.00 18.65 18.48 18.18 18.36 18.09 18.47 18.60 18.34 18.59 18.24

Continues …

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4 Reference group

APD = 1

Age = 1 APD = 18

Age =3 APD = 19

Age =3 APD = 20

Age =3 APD = 21

5.00 5.00 5.05 5.00 5.00 5.00

6.00 6.35 5.05 6.35 6.23 6.16

7.00 7.42 6.10 7.41 7.27 7.18

8.00 8.36 7.47 8.31 8.24 8.16

9.00 9.27 8.72 9.17 9.22 9.17

10.00 10.19 9.85 10.03 10.23 10.19

11.00 11.10 10.90 10.92 11.21 11.18

12.00 11.99 11.90 11.87 12.13 12.09

13.00 12.87 12.85 12.83 13.05 12.98

14.00 13.73 13.74 13.70 13.99 13.86

15.00 14.60 14.64 14.51 14.94 14.77

16.00 15.48 15.53 15.24 15.97 15.70

17.00 16.33 16.40 15.95 17.10 16.62

18.00 17.22 17.30 16.79 18.24 17.56

19.00 18.38 18.44 18.06 19.24 18.65

Notes. Extreme values (4 and 20) are excluded, as equating is not possible for these (i.e. will be the same for all APD groups)

a Academy Profession Degree Programs (APD): 1. Bachelor of Architectural Technology and Construction Management. 2. APD in Computer Science. 3. APD in Financial Management. 4. APD in Commerce Management. 5. APD in Chemical and Biotechnical Science. 6. APD in Marketing Management. 7. APD in Multimedia Design and Communication. 8. APD in Production Technology. 9. Professional bachelor of Finance. 10. APD in Services Management. 11. APD in Economy and IT.

12. APD in Administrative Management. 13. APD in Automation technology. 14. APD in Design, Technology and Business. 15. APD in E-design. 16. APD as financial controller. 17. APD in Service Engineering. 18. APD in IT Technology. 19. APD in Agro Business and Landscape Management. 20. APD in Logistic Management. 21. APD in Optometry. 22. APD in Nutrition and Technology.

b Age groups: 1 = 20 years and younger, 2 = 21 – 23 years, 3 = 24 years and older.

c Reference group is students admitted to 1. Bachelor of Architectural Technology and Construction Management in the age group 20 years and younger.

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Figure A1. Item maps with distributions of person parameter locations and information curve above item

threshold locations for the 22 Academy Profession Degree subgroups

Notes. Person parameters are weighted maximum likelihood estimates and illustrate the distribution of these for the study sample (black bars above the line) and for the population under the assumption of normality (grey bars above the line), as well as the information curve, relative to the distribution of the item thresholds (black bars below the line).