Crime Prevention
Through Environmental Design Bo Grönlund, architect maa, sa
Royal Academy of Fine Arts, Copenhagen
A way of thinking about cities
A way of thinking about space
A way of thinking about design
A way of thinking about involvment
A way of thinking about hardware
To enhance actual safety and security
To enhance the feeling of safety and well-being
High level of crime and fear of crime
Spatial and social segregation
Anonymity and density of cities
Multiculturalism
Modernist urban planning and architecture
Insuffiency af other approaches
Jane Jacobs – The Death and Life of US cities
Oscar Newman – Defensible Space
C. Jay Jeffery – CPTED the book
Alice Coleman – Utopia on Trial
Bill Hillier – The Integrated Space Approach
J.M. van Dijk, Implementation in NL
The original US version
Movement network layout – integrating
Spatial overview and visible people – where it is needed
Distictions public/private, front/back
Symbolic / physical barriers – in the right places
Functional mix for populated spaces thoughout the day
Built density for populated spaces – complimentation
Routine activity theory - the base of CPTED
Take care of any factor – and crime is reduced
The objection argument 1: Displacement – NO! Not really!
The objection argument 2: Increases segregation – not necessarily
The objection argument 3: Reduce architectural possibilities – well, architectue needs resistance
YES, CPTED works – it reduces crime and fear of crime
But , first it has to be implemented…..
Not yet Swedish law, but in NL, NO, DK ….
Implemented to some degree here and there
Good guidelines, but too many, too heavy ?
Increasing interest, also from gender view
Local crime prevention counsels in SE
Competing with other interests
Needs to be thought into organisations
2002 Bebyggelseinriktade åtgärder - growing
2003 Safety walks - manual
2005 BoTryggt05 – divided into stages
2009 Tryggare Sverige – change of focus
Mass industrialised housing + CIAM’s space - the contrary of the traditional city
Result: Spatial segregation + social segregation
Think if the safe and secure city is the traditional city ?
Let us try that thought !
Streets, blocks and squares– a clear distiction public / private space
Windows towards the street, a difference between fronts and backs
Continous urban fabric
Mixed housing economically, mixed functions, reasonable scale, old and new
Mixed traffic, pedestrians in public space, no pedestrian tunnels
Built with CIAM principles in the 70s
2x1 km enclave, no through traffic, isolated
Poor working mall and green space
Correlation spatial design and crime
Vollsmose, Odense, Danmark
Car street network now and my propoal – NB! Block size !
Vollsmose Vollsmose
Odense Centrum
Odense
Centrum
Ped and bike network – integration (warm colors) decrease inward
Spatial segregation increase inward (cold colors)
Green space and public buildings are located deep in space
Vollmose north – local police plotting
Vollmose south – local police plotting
Crime 2002 (red=robbery, yellow=theft, green=burglary)
Tunnel with poor overview and no surveillance = robbery
No windows towards pedestrian an bike routes
Dense greenery/ bushy along pedestrian an bike routes
Day and night – two different worlds
Black holes around real estate border lines
Housing companies and public lighting not coordinated!
New widened entrance to the mall – with overview
Individual garages – at right angle to building block
Improved routes for pedestrians and bikers
Weeding out and cutting the bushes
Wider profile for less conflicts
Better lighting
But lonely anyhow…..
From heavy bushes to visibly parked cars
Private gardens and larger balconies with see-through glass
All four dimensions are important
Goal conflicts
