)LJXUH F-gas emissions. Time-series for 1990 to 2006.
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CH4 emission from solid waste disposal sites (SWDS) by 23% due to the increasing use of waste for power and heat production and (2) a decrease in emission of N2O from wastewater (WW) handling systems of 43 % due to upgrading of WW treatment plants. These decreases are counter-acted by an increase in CH4 from WW of 197 % due to increasing indus-trial load to WW systems. In 2006 the contribution of CH4 from SWDS was 18.6 % of the total CH4 emission. The CH4 emission from WW amounts in 2006 to 4.5 % of the total CH4 emissions. The emission of N2O from WW is in 2006 0.8 % of national total of N2O. Since all incinerated waste is used for power and heat production, the emissions are included in the 1A1a IPCC category.
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The annual C-stock change for forest land remaining forest land was re-duced from 3326 Gg CO2 in 2004 to 1672 Gg CO2 in 2005 due to storms.
As no storms occurred in 2006 this figure increased to 2574 Gg CO2 in 2006. The annual C sequestration in forests remaining forests were slightly lower in 2006 than in previous years because the harvested amount of wood was relatively high for a storm-free year. The C seques-tration in afforested stands increases and will continue to do so over the coming decades due to i) increasing growth rates as afforested stands grow older and ii) an increase in the total area under afforestation.
Changes in soil carbon pools following afforestation have for the first time been included in the NIR for 2008. The included soil C pool changes only concern C sequestration due to development of forest floors, i.e. the organic layer on top of the mineral soil. We have included C sequestra-tion in this layer because there are results from nasequestra-tional scientific pro-jects in afforestation chronosequences as well as a number of studies on forest floor C in stands established by afforestation of cropland. These studies indicated that the forest floor is the main soil pool contributing to C sequestration 30-40 years after afforestation. Annual rates of C seques-tration were estimated for coniferous and deciduous stands, respectively, based on the national studies.
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The emission estimates from mineral soils is very variable across the years due to variations in yield level and annual temperatures which af-fect the degradation rate in the applied Tier 3 model. In 2006 has the emission from cropland has been estimated to 2200 Gg CO2. In previous years the emission has been estimated to almost zero. The reason is a 7%
lover crop yield in 2006 compared to 2005 and the very high tempera-tures having increased the degradation of crop residues in soil. The re-ported emission is a five-year average 2004-2008 and thus a recalculation of the estimates for 2004 and 2005 has been made. The emission from or-ganic agricultural soils is estimated to 1055 Gg CO2. A continuous in-crease in raised number of shelterbelts inin-creases the C sequestration here. Emissions from managed wetlands with peat extraction are unal-tered at a low level.
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The largest sources of emissions of NOX are road transport and combus-tion in energy industries (mainly public power and district heating plants). The transport sector is the sector contributing the most to the emission of NOX and, in 2006, 42% of the Danish emissions of NOX stems from road transport, national navigation, railways and civil aviation.
Also emissions from national fishing and off-road vehicles contribute significantly to the NOX emission. For non-industrial combustion plants, the main sources are combustion of gas oil, natural gas and wood in residential plants. The emissions from public power plants and district heating plants have decreased by 52 % from 1990 to 2006. In the same pe-riod, the total emission decreased by 37%. The reduction is due to the in-creasing use of catalyst cars and installation of low-NOX burners and de-nitrifying units in power and district heating plants.
)LJXUH NOX emissions. Distribution according to the main sectors (2006) and time-series for 1990 to 2006.
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Wood combustion in residential plants is responsible for the dominant share of the total CO emission. Also road transport and other mobile sources contribute significantly to the total emission of this pollutant.
The emission decreased further by 22 % from 1990 to 2006, largely be-cause of decreasing emissions from road transportation.
Fugitive emissions from
fuels 1%
Other sectors 16%
Transport 42%
Manufacturing Industries and Construction
13%
Energy Industries
28%
0 50000 100000 150000 200000 250000 300000 350000
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
NOx emission [tonnes]
Total
Transport
Energy Industries
Other sectors
Manufacturing Industries and Construction Fugitive emissions from fuels
)LJXUH CO emissions. Distribution according to the main sectors (2006) and time-series for 1990 to 2006.
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The emissions of NMVOC originate from many different sources and can be divided into two main groups: incomplete combustion and evaporation. Wood combustion in the residential sector, road vehicles and other mobile sources such as national navigation vessels and off-road machinery are the main sources of NMVOC emissions from incom-plete combustion processes. Road transportation vehicles are still the main contributors, even though the emissions have declined since the in-troduction of catalyst cars in 1990. The evaporative emissions mainly originate from the use of solvents. The emissions from the energy indus-tries have increased during the nineties due to the increasing use of sta-tionary gas engines, which have much higher emissions of NMVOC than conventional boilers. The total anthropogenic emissions have decreased by 36 % from 1990 to 2006, largely due to the increased use of catalyst cars and reduced emissions from use of solvents.
)LJXUH NMVOC emissions. Distribution according to the main sectors (2006) and time-series for 1990 to 2006.
62
The main part of the SO2 emission originates from combustion of fossil fuels, i.e. mainly coal and oil, in public power and district heating plants.
From 1990 to 2006, the total emission decreased by 86 %. The large re-duction is largely due to installation of desulphurisation plant and use of
Transport 31%
Other sectors 64%
Energy Industries 2%
Manufacturing Industries and Construction
3%
0 100000 200000 300000 400000 500000 600000 700000 800000 900000
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
CO emission [tonnes]
Total
Other sectors
Transport
Manufacturing Industries and Construction
Energy Industries
Industrial Processes
1%
Solvent and other product
use 32%
Agriculture 2%
Fugitive emissions from
fuels 13%
Other sectors 27%
Transport 23%
Manufacturing Industries and Construction
2%
Energy Industries 3%
0 20000 40000 60000 80000 100000 120000 140000 160000 180000
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
NMVOC emission [tonnes]
Total
Transport
Solvent and other product use Other sectors
Fugitive emissions from fuels Energy Industries
Manufacturing Industries and Construction Agriculture
Industrial Processes
fuels with lower content of sulphur in public power and district heating plants. Despite the large reduction of the SO2 emissions, these plants make up 41 % of the total emission. Also emissions from industrial com-bustion plants, non-industrial comcom-bustion plants and other mobile sources are important. National sea traffic (navigation and fishing) con-tributes with about 7 % of the total SO2 emission. This is due to the use of residual oil with high sulphur content.
)LJXUH SO2 emissions. Distribution according to the main sectors (2006) and time-series for 1990 to 2006.
Fugitive emissions from
fuels 1%
Industrial Processes
1%
Energy Industries
41%
Manufacturing Industries and Construction
32%
Transport 5%
Other sectors 20%
0 50000 100000 150000 200000 250000
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
SO2 emission [tonnes]
Total
Energy Industries Manufacturing Industries and Construction Other sectors
Transport
Fugitive emissions from fuels Industrial Processes