Abbr. of Linnaeus or Linné

l.c. < L. Abbr. of: loco citato = previously cited.

l’orient French language: Stands for eastern Asia.

L+R Abbr. of left and right valves.

la Gaayra Only information on label written before 1848. It may be a person or a locality in the Antilles.

labels See under Beck, Galathea, Mörch, Posselt, Spengler, Schumacher, ZM, Steenberg, and KVLH labels.

læv. Abbr. of < L. levis = smooth. On label by Mörch.

lagt Danish word meaning placed or put.

Laing, de la Groom of the Chamber. Cardiid numbers 1865 in Mörch’s accession book 1840–1867: #8. Cardium Grgr. #9. Cardium Grgr. #8. Cardium Malta. #147. Cardium papillosum.

Lamarck, J. B. (1744–1828). French naturalist.

Cardiids were described in “Histoire naturelle des animaux sans vertèbres” 1798.

lambda The 11 ^th letter of the Greek alphabet.

Lamck: Terminated with a colon. Abbr. of La-marck.

Laminaria Genus of brown algae.

Lamk. Abbr. of Lamarck.

Landau. Abbr. of Landauer.

Landauer Hessen, Cassel, Germany. Received cardiids from ZM according to Book of Dis-patch #71 Cardium ciliatum, 1. – Donated car-diids to the Museum ca. 1862. Cardiid numbers in Mörch’s accession book 1840–1867: #194.

Cardium tenuisulcatum Nyst. #195. Cardium tenuisulcatum Nyst. #196. Cardium.

Lange Lecturer. Collected in Spain, the Bay of Biscay, Vigo and ferrol. Cardiid number in Mörch’s accession book 1853–1861: #11a Cardium echinatum.

Larsen Collected cardiids at Gibraltar.

Larsen, G. Collected cardiids at Eburna (not located) 1877.

Larsen, Knud Collected cardiids in Denmark 1936.

Lassen, N. Chr. N. Master at grammar school.

Collection left by deceased Sept. 1857. Car-diid numbers in Mörch’s accession book 1840–1867: #130. Cardium ciliatum Fab.

#131. Cardium ciliatum jun. #132. Cardium elegantulum Bk. #133. Cardium elegantu-lum. #134. Cardium elegantuelegantu-lum. #135. Car-dium grønlandicum juv. 3+5. #136. CarCar-dium grønlandicum. #683. Cardium edule. #684.

Cardium edule. #732. wet. Cardium ciliatum fab. d. Dr. Pingel. #733. wet. grønlandicum juv. 1. Dr. Pingel.

Lav. Abbr. not identified. On label with ref. to Danish West Indies.

lc. See under l.c.

Ldbk. Abbr. of Lundbeck on labels.

Lea Philadelphia. Submitted cardiids to His Royal Highness on 7 february 1839: 2. Card.

maculata. 2. Card. mortoni.

Lea, Isac (1792–1886) American malacologist.

His brother was Thomas Gibson Lea (1785–

1844), also a malacologist.

Lectotype A single specimen selected from syntypes of a previously described species.

Equivalent of holotype.

Leg. Abbr. of < L. legit on labels. Inflected form of lego = collected by.

Lehmann, M. C. G. (1775–1856). Judge (As-sessor, obsolete Danish title). Active in the Management of KM from 1808–51.

Lemche, Henning M. (1904–1977). dr. phil.

Malacologist and curator of Mollusca at the Zoological Museum. He collected cardiids in many countries. He reorganised the collection after it was moved from the old ZM in Krys-talgade to the new ZM in Universitetsparken.

Unfortunately he often pooled species with different history in the same box. Lemche cut the edges of old labels so they could fit into new boxes he had designed for the col-lection.

leveAnten See under leveanten.

leveanten The Levant (Levanten) derived from Italian sunrise. Seas east of the Mediterra-nean.

Levinsen, G. M. R. (1850–1914). Museum in spector. He wrote some entries for the ac-cession book 1889–1937, e.g. 26 February 1896.

Levy See under Lewy.

Lewy Professor. Submitted shells from Exp. de la Venus 1839. Identified cardiids from Mexico 1839. Collected cardiids in Bai de la Mad-eleine. Cardiid number in Mörch’s accession book 1846–1853: #39 Cardium procerum, Exp. de la Venus 1839.

li. Abbr. of litra = number

Lib. Latin <Abbr. of libri = book. Ref. to Lister 1687.

Liebmann, F.M. (1813–1856). Danish mala-cologist. Professor of botany at KU. Direc-tor of NF 1848–56. Submitted a collection of Mexican shells to ZM. Mörch, 1840–66 entered “Liebmanniana” dated 20 June 1859:

Liebmann’s Mexican shells were submitted 1842–45. Mörch refers to # 337. Cardium isocardia L. Vera Cruz Ratsach d. n. 230 Card. #338 Cardium muricatum L. juv. d. n 237 Cardium? # 339 Cardium muricatum.

#340 Cardium (Liocardium) N. 221 Antigua (from T 278).

Lightfoot, John (1735–1788). Britsh Reverend.

Identified cardiids for the Portland Cata-logue.

Lillebælt The Little Belt between funen and Jutland connects the Baltic with the Kattegat.

Limburg, Duche de. Duke. See under Wrob-lewsky.

Lin: or Lin. Abbr. of Linnaeus, 1758

Lindholm, M. Collected cardiids in Barbados 1976.

Linnæi Alternative mode of Linnaeus, 1758 List. Reference to Lister 1687 plate 337

(show-ing Venus tigerina).

Lister, Martin (1638–1711 or 1639–1712).

British malacologist. Published “Historiae conchyliorum” 1685–1692.

Lithothamnion Genus of coralline algae.

Lm. Abbr. of Lamarck.

Lmck. Abbr. of Lamarck.

Lmk. Abbr. of Lamarck.

Ln. Abbr. of Linnaeus or Linné.

Loc. Abbreviated Latin = locality.

Lond. Abbr. of London used by H.Beck 1839.

Londini Latin for London on labels by Beck.

Løppenthin, B. Collected cardiids onboard the

”Godthaab” Expedition, Greenland 1930. He collected cardiids in the Persian Gulf 1938.

Løppenthin’s catalogue 1938. The catalogue of Løppenthin’s quantitative samples from

st. 64–133 collected in the Persian Gulf, is available at the ZMUC. He noted the number of 0.1 square m grab samples per station, pre-liminary identifications, and the wet weight of the animals with preliminary id’s. Subse-quent identifications were later added to the catalogue.

Lovén, Sven Ludvig (1809–1895). Swedish malacologist.

Löwr. Abbr. not identified. Collected cardiids in Kattegat 1879.

Ltk. See under Lütken. Used on labels by Mörch.

Ltn. Abbr. of lieutenant

Luc, De Mr. Geneva. Donation dated 29 Septem-ber 1842 through the Museum of Mineralogy.

Cardiid number in Mörch’s accession book 1840–1867: #27. Cardium alatum. Du Mont Saleve 1.

Lud. Abbr. of Ludvigsen.

Ludvigsen Collected cardiids in China/Japan 1834.

Lund Grace R. Collected cardiids in Bahrain after 1960.

Lund, B. Collected cardiids in former Danish West Indies before 1917.

Lund, Niels Tønder (1749–1809). Deputy of exchequer, active in Naturhistorie-Selskabet 1789–1805.

Lund, P. W. (1801–1880). dr. phil. He donated a rich collections of Brazilian fossils to the Danish State c/o CVIII. The donation became a special section of Det kgl. naturhistoriske Museum, and the State committed itself to finance an inspector of this collection (see under Reinhardt, J.T.). Museum Lundii or Det Lund’ske palæontologiske Museum (Lund’s Paleontological Museum).

Lund, V. Identical with P.W. Lund who collected cardiids for CVIII in Brazil.

Lundbeck, William (1863–1941). Graduated 1895. Museum inspector, director. He col-lected cardiids in Greenland 1892 and Ice-land 1893; participated in the “Ingolf” ex-pedition 1895. Dated 27 September 1892 he submitted cardiids collected at Iceland and the Faroe Islands. He was onboard the fishing vessel ”Prinsesse Marie”, a Danish purseiner. Cardiid numbers in the accession book 1889–1937: #71 Cardium ciliatum.

Dyrefjord. #72 Cardium ciliatum. Dyref-jord. #73 Cardium fasciatum. Dyrefjord.

#74 Cardium groenlandicum. Onundarfjord.

#75 Cardium groenlandicum. Patricksfjord.

#76 Cardium groenlandicum. Dyrefjord. #77 Cardium groenlandicum. Onundarfjord 12 Fv. – Dated 25 August 1894 he submitted car-diids from the West coast of Iceland, He was onboard the fishing vessel ”Prinsesse Marie”

according to accession book 1889–1937:

#21 Cardium fasciatum, Falknafjord N46.

#22 Cardium fasciatum, Onundarfjord, n.2–3.

#23 Cardium ciliatum, Falknafjord N46. #24 Cardium ciliatum, Onundarfjord N9. #25 Cardium ciliatum, Onundarfjord N5. #26 Cardium ciliatum, Falknafjord N43. #27 Car-dium groenlandicum. Falknafjord N46. #28 Cardium groenlandicum. Onundarfjord N30.

#29 Cardium groenlandicum. Onundarfjord N25. #30 Cardium groenlandicum. Onundar-fjord N5-18. #31 Cardium groenlandicum.

Onundarfjord N8.

lunular heart See under lunule.

lunule A crescentic structure on anterior part of dorsal margin.

Lusitania An ancient name for Portugal.

Lütk. Abbr. of Lütken.

Lütken, Chr. Frederik (1827–1901). Professor zoologiae. Dated 30 August 1873, he sub-mitted shells to the museum. No number in Mörch’s accession book 1870–1889: Cardium edule var. baltica. Roskildefjord. – He suc-ceeded Steenstrup as professor zoologiae in 1885. The different museum collections in Co-penhagen fused by law (see under Naturhisto-risk Museum). Lütken became inspector of the new museum. As university lecturer (docent), he collected at Hellebæk, 10–14 fathoms.

Cardiid numbers in Mörch’s accession book 1853–1861: #66 Cardium echinatum, 2 +1, in alcohol. #67 Cardium fasciatum, 2+1, 2 +1, in alcohol. #79 Cardium ciliatum L 4, dry shells.

#80 Cardium fasciatum Mtg. 3, dry shells. #81 Cardium nodosum Mtg. 1, dry shells. – Dan-ish molluscs from Hellebæk and Samsø: #24 Cardium ciliatum L. 1+4. #233 Cardium echi-natum, juv. Hlb. 3. #234 Cardium echiechi-natum, 10–12 fv Hlb, 1. #235 Cardium fasciatum, Hlb, 2. #236 Cardium fasciatum, Samsø 3+3.

LV. Abbr. of left valve.

Lydecken, I. Collected cardiids on Åland, Fin-land, 1899.

Lyell, Charles (1795–1875) British malacolo-gist. Submitted cardiids from Canada to CVIII before 1848.

Lynch Collected cardiids as participant in the Ocean Study Group 1971.

Lyngby Collected alcohol specimens for CVIII.

See under Mörch 1858–59.

Lynge, Herman (1862–1945). UZM entries in a diary reports him as book seller, Copenhagen.

He received Mortensen’s Siam molluscs 11 May 1901. He identified the specimens. He had a large collection, which included shells donated to him by the Zoological Museum c/o Mörch. See also under Collin’s collection.

M et Ch. Abbr. of Martini & Chemnitz: Neues systematisches Conchylien-Cabinet 1769–

1795.

M I oc. Abbr. of Mare India oceanus.

m m Abbr. of Mittelmeer = The Mediterranean.

M Moltk. Abbr. of Moltke’s Museum.

M rub. The Red Sea. L< mare = sea; rubrum

= red.

M. & St. Abbr. of Melvill & Standen.

m. Abbr. of < L. meus = mine. Refers to author-ship, e.g. species named by Schumacher (used at the end of text on specimen labels). The French malacologist Bruguière used Nob.

(Latin nobilis = recognised) to designate spe-cies described by him. Schumacher also used m: followed by a reference to Plate and figure.

In this case m: refers to in Martini (See under Chemnitz 1782 and under Schumacher).

fig. 28. Label by Beck: Cardium muricatum Linn Lmck:

n° 18. Chemn. 7 f. 177. Mus: acad: (Mörch added the letter Greek letter delta in pencil).

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