Statens Planteavlsforsøg Forskningscenter Foulum 8830 Tjele
Beretning nr. S 2200
Jordbrug og miljø. Planteproduktion Statusredegørelse -juni 1992
Agriculture and environment. Plant production A review -June 1992
ARNE KYLLINGSBÆK (RED.)
Resumé
Gennem de sidste 40-50 år er der i jordbruget sket en kraftig strukturændring mod færre og større bedrifter og anvendelse af intensive pro- duktionsmetoder. Set fra det øvrige samfund har udviklingen medført en uønsket belastning af miljøet.
Jordbrugets uheldige påvirkning af miljøet er i
alt overvejende grad knyttet til tab af kvælstof til omgivelserne og til en uønsket effekt på flora og fauna forårsaget af intensive dyrkningsmetoder, herunder anvendelse af pesticider og fjernelse af småbiotoper i det åbne land.
I redegørelsen er omtalt forskellige dyrknings- foranstaltninger, som vil kunne reducere jord- brugets utilsigtede virkninger på miljøet.
Nøgleord: Landbrug, havebrug, planteproduktion, husdyrgødning, handelsgødning, nitratudvaskning, pesticider, flora, fauna, miljø.
Summary
In the present paper is given an outline of the plant production in Danish agriculture and of the adverse effects of intensive plant production on the environment.
The agricultural area amount to nearly two thirds of the total Danish area. The main crops are spring barley, winter wheat, rape, root crops, grass and green fodder.
The major problems are the leaching of nitrate to the ground water and the sea, and the risk of pesticides leaching to ground water and further- more the adverse effects which pesticides and in- tensive farming in general have on flora and fau- na in the open landscape.
Key words: Agriculture, horticulture, plant production, animal manure, fertilizers, nitrate leaching, pesticides, flora, fauna, environment.
One way to reduce nitrate leaching is to opti- mize the manure utilization and to keep the soils covered with growing crops during autumn and winter. A way to minimize the application of pes- ticides is to use IPM which means growing resist- ant varieties and using reduced dosages based on warning models and meteorological conditions.
In order to maintain or increase the diversity and density of flora and fauna populations it is recommended to increase the number of small bi- otopes in the open landscape. The review is prin- ted in Danish.
Tidsskr. Planteavl 96 (1992), 99. 99
