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Emissions are calculated with a model for the individual substance’s life-cycle over the years, taking the emissions associated with the actual processes into consideration. For refrigeration and high voltage equip-ment, the processes are filling up/topping up, operation and destruc-tion. For foam, the processes are production of the products in which the substances are used as well as use and destruction of the product.

The model has been developed and used in connection with the annual historic emission inventories for the Climate Convention, see NIR 2008.

As a result, the model corresponds with the guidelines produced for this purpose. The model is built in Microsoft Excel, combining an Excel spreadsheet file for each year. For details of the model and the calcula-tion methodologies, refer also to the DEPA’s annual reports produced as a basis for the F-gas inventories.

Table 7.1 Relationship (weight %) between HFCs, as calculated for the Climate Con-vention (‘pure’ HFCs) and the HFC mixtures used under trade names in Denmark.

Pure HFCs: HFC-32 HFC-125 HFC-134a HFC-143a HFC-152a HFC-227ea

HFC mixtures

HFC-365 8

HFC-401a 13

HFC-402a 60

HFC-404a 44 4 52

HFC-407a 23 25 52

HFC-410a 50 50

HFC-507a 50 50

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Data is available for historic values for F-gas emissions for the period 1993-2006, as well as projected values for the period 2005-2020 as calcu-lated for DEPA. As mentioned, the calculations are based on the trade names for HFC mixtures, and the inventories and projections are at this level of detail. The total F-gas emission in CO

equivalents agrees al-most entirely with the historic values reported to the EU and the Cli-mate Convention, where the mixtures are converted to pure HFCs.

Where agreement is not total, this is due to the lack of complete corre-spondence between the GWP values for mixtures and for the pure HFCs, as well as the minor rounding which takes place in the databases and formats (CRF) used for the reporting. These differences are not of any significant importance.

The reference for the data in the tables below is, therefore, the 2008 re-port prepared for DEPA (DEPA, 2008). Moreover, these data has been based on detailed spreadsheets, prepared in connection with the con-sultant’s work on the F-gas inventories for DEPA.

Furthermore, the report and the data collected in this connection indi-cate that, with regard to projection of the emissions, the data are based on ‘steady state’ consumption, with 2006 as the reference year. Also, cut-off dates in relation to the phasing out of individual substances, in connection with Danish regulation concerning the phasing out of pow-erful greenhouse gases, are taken into account. HFCs used in foaming agents in flexible foam plastic were phased out from of January 1, 2006.

Furthermore, a tax effect has been introduced for relevant applications and, as far as possible, expected increases in the use of these substances will be taken into consideration in a number of application areas – as will reductions expected. Projection of the use of HFC-404A is based on a balancing exercise, as the development of the used of HCFC-22 refrig-eration systems can, on the one hand, be expected to lead to higher than predicted increases in consumption of HFC-404A in commercial refrig-eration plant, as HFC-404A together with CO

systems are the most ob-vious potential substitutes. On the other hand, from January 1, 2000, building new HCFC-22-based systems has not been permitted and, from January 1, 2002, substitution with HCFC-22 in existing systems has been banned. For SF

, use in connection with double-glazing was banned in 2002, but throughout the period there will be emission of SF

in connection with the disposal of double-glazing panes where SF

has been used.

The available historic and projected data are presented first at the CRF category level equivalent to the Summary 2 table in the CRF reporting format, Table 7.2. This level is equivalent to the sum of the emissions for all HFCs, PFCs and SF

, respectively. Small deviations between the data in Table 6.2 and that reported for 1993-2006 have been explained above (the latest reported data are

http://cdr.eionet.europa.eu/dk/Air_Emission_Inventories/Submissio

n_UNFCCC/colsasntw/envsasn6g). It should be noted that the basic

data for the years before 1995 is not entirely adequate with regard to

coverage, in relation to actual emissions. Under the Kyoto Protocol, it is

possible to choose 1995 as base year for F-gases. Due to the lack of

cov-erage prior to 1995, this option is used in Denmark. Therefore, the pro-jection on the ‘5-year level’ for F-gases summarised in Table 7.3 starts from 1995. For the projection after 2020, the total projected emission for 2020 is retained.

Table 7.3 Total emission of F-gases in CO2-equiv. (1 000 tonnes). Historic data: 1993-2006. Projections: 2007-2020. After 2020, the emission value for 2020 is retained.

CRF-sector Year 1995 2000 2005 2007 2010 2015 2020 2025

Note ⁽¹⁾ ⁽²⁾ ⁽³⁾

2. Industrial Processes.

F. Consumption of Halocarboner and SF6 325.6 681.2 839.5 893.6 854.7 609.9 216.9 216.9 Note:

(1) Relevant data is not available for 1990; 1995 can be selected in the KP for F-gases as the base year.

(2) 5-year average: 2008-2012.

(3) 5-year average: 2013-2017.

In Figure 7.1, the data from Table 7.2 are illustrated. The apparent in-crease within historic data for the total F-gas emission runs from 1995

Table 7.2 Total F-gas emissions in CO2-equiv. (1 000 tonnes). Historic data: 1993-2006. Projections: 2007-2020.

Year

Sum

HFCs PFCs SF6

Total F-gases

1993 93.9 0.0 101.2 195.1

1994 134.5 0.1 122.1 256.6 1995 217.7 0.5 107.3 325.6 1996 329.3 1.7 61.0 391.9 1997 323.7 4.1 73.1 400.9 1998 411.0 9.1 59.4 479.5 1999 502.6 12.5 65.4 580.5 2000 604.1 17.9 59.2 681.2 2001 646.4 22.1 30.4 698.9 2002 671.2 22.2 25.5 718.8 2003 694.4 19.3 31.9 745.6 2004 747.8 15.9 33.1 796.8 2005 803.9 13.9 21.8 839.5 2006 833.6 15.7 36.0 885.3 2007 844.2 13.9 35.5 893.6 2008 846.7 12.4 35.7 894.7 2009 829.7 11.2 35.9 876.8 2010 804.4 10.3 36.1 850.8 2011 755.7 9.6 69.3 834.6 2012 692.1 8.9 115.4 816.4 2013 645.9 8.3 125.4 779.7 2014 563.3 7.8 137.9 709.0 2015 487.9 7.4 123.2 618.6 2016 404.7 7.0 95.5 507.2 2017 347.6 6.6 80.6 434.9 2018 267.5 6.3 110.6 384.4 2019 225.0 6.0 79.8 310.9 2020 151.8 5.8 59.3 216.9

volves, from 2001, a tax on use of F-gases; while in 2002 bans were in-troduced, of which the majority first come into force in 2006 and 2007.

In the projections, the regulation in this area translates into decreasing emissions after 2007. The figure shows that F-gas emissions are domi-nated by HFCs, whereas PFCs comprise only a very small share. SF

, at the beginning of the historic inventory period, comprises a considerable share, falling thereafter due to the gradual phasing out of the use of SF