Table 10.4 Sum of the emission of CH4 and N2O from wastewater treatment in CO2 equivalents (1 000 tonnes =Gg).
Note:
(1) 5-year average 2008-2013.
(2) 5-year average 2013-2018.
Table 10.3 N2O and CH4 emissions in CO2 equivalents and the unit Gg. Inventories:
1990-2006. Projections: 2007-2025.
Emissions in CO2-equiv. (Gg)
Year N20 CH4
1990 87.63 125.62
1991 83.49 122.60
1992 73.38 121.29
1993 90.88 127.49
1994 92.20 152.13
1995 85.15 176.97
1996 69.42 202.01
1997 65.17 248.11
1998 65.94 252.60
1999 61.94 236.86
2000 65.40 217.19
2001 57.26 231.45
2002 58.23 310.29
2003 49.77 300.36
2004 53.20 274.77
2005 50.53 261.54
2006 49.96 248.31
2007 51.03 256.11
2008 51.12 253.73
2009 51.14 251.34
2010 51.18 248.96
2011 51.23 246.57
2012 51.27 244.19
2013 51.30 241.81
2014 51.34 239.42
2015 51.37 237.04
2016 51.41 234.65
2017 51.44 232.27
2018 51.47 229.88
2019 51.51 227.50
2020 51.54 225.11
2021 51.58 222.73
2022 51.61 220.34
2023 51.65 217.96
2024 51.68 215.58
2025 51.71 213.19
CRF-sector Year 1990 1995 2000 2005 2007 2010 2015 2020 2025
Note (1) (2)
6. B Waste Water Handling 213.2 262.1 282.6 312.1 307.1 300.1 288.4 276.7 264.9
5HIHUHQFHV
Thomsen, M. & Lyck, E. 2005: Emission of CH4 and N2O from Waste-water Treatment plants (6B). Department of Policy Analysis. National Environmental Research Institute DK-4000 Roskilde.
http://www2.dmu.dk/1_viden/2_Publikationer/3_arbrapporter/rapp orter/AR208.pdf
Nielsen, O.-K., Lyck, E., Mikkelsen, M.H., Hoffmann, L., Gyldenkærne, S., Winther, M., Nielsen, M., Fauser, P., Thomsen, M., Plejdrup, M.S., Illerup, J.B., Sørensen, P.B. & Vesterdal, L. 2008: Denmark’s National Inventory Report 2008 - Emission Inventories 1990-2006 - Submitted under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change.
National Environmental Research Institute, University of Aarhus. 701 pp. – NERI Technical Report no. 667.
http://www.dmu.dk/Pub/FR667.pdf
The Danish Government, 2003: Waste Strategy 2005-2008 (In Danish:
“Affaldsstrategi 2005-2008, Regeringen”.
&RQFOXVLRQV
The historic and projected greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are shown in Tables 11.1 – 11.9 and illustrated in Figure 11.1. Projected GHG emis-sions include the estimated effects of policies and measures imple-mented until April 2008, and the projection of total GHG emissions is therefore a so-called ‘with measures’ projection.
The main sectors in the years 2008-2012 (‘2010’) are expected to be En-ergy Industries (39 %), Transport (25 %), Agriculture (14 %), and Other Sectors (8 %). For the latter sector the most important sources are fuel use in the residential sector and the agricultural sector. GHG emissions show a decreasing trend in the projection period from 2007 to 2020 fol-lowed by a small emission increase in 2025. In general, the emission share for the Energy Industries sector can be seen to be decreasing while the emission share for the Transport sector is increasing. The total emissions in ‘2010’ are estimated to be 66,475 ktonnes CO
2equivalents and 62,204 ktonnes in 2025, corresponding to a decrease of about 6 %.
From 1990 to ‘2010’ the emissions are estimated to decrease by about 4
%. The commitment to a reduction of 21 % or a maximum emission of about 55 million tonnes in ‘2010’ under the Kyoto Protocol can be ob-tained either by national reductions, use of the flexible mechanisms un-der the Kyoto Protocol or by including CO
2uptake in forestry and soil.
Industrial processes
3%
Solvents 0%
Military (mobile) 0%
Fugitive emissions from fuels
1%
Agriculture Cons. of 15%
Halocarbons and SF6
1%
Waste and w astew ater
2%
Other sectors 7%
Transport 25%
Manufacturing industries and combustion
7%
Energy industries
39% 0
20000 40000 60000 80000 100000
1990 1995 2000 2005 2008 "2010" "2015" 2020 2025
(P LVVL RQ VLQ
&
2 HTX LY WRQV
Energy industries Manufacturing industries and com bustion
Transport Other sectors
Military (mobile) Fugitive em issions from fuels Industrial processes Cons. of Halocarbons and SF6
Solvents Agriculture
Waste and wastewater
Figure 11.1 Total GHG emissions in CO2 equivalents. Distribution according to main sectors (‘2010’) and time-series for 1990 to 2025.
6WDWLRQDU\FRPEXVWLRQ
The GHG emissions in ‘2010’ from the main source, which is public
power (59 %), are estimated to decrease significantly in the period from
2008 to 2025 due to partial shift in fuel type from coal to wood and
mu-nicipal waste. Also, for residential combustion plants a significant
de-crease in emissions is seen; the emissions almost halve from 1990 to
2025. The emissions from the other sectors remain almost constant over
the period except for energy use in offshore industry (oil and gas
extrac-tion), where the emissions are projected to increase by more than 250 %
from 1990 to ‘2010’ and by almost 30 % from ‘2010’ to 2025.
Petroleum refining plants
3%
District heating plants 3%
Gas turbines 2%
Oil/gas extraction 6%
Commercial and institutional plants
3%
Residential plants 9%
Plants in agriculture, forestry and aquaculture
2%
Combustion in manufacturing
industry 13%
Flaring in gas and oil extraction
1%
Public power 58%
0 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000 30000 35000 40000 45000 50000
1990 1995 2000 2005 2008 "2010" "2015" 2020 2025
*+
*H PLV VLRQ LQ&
2 HTY
WR QQHV
Public power District heating plants
Petroleum refining plants Oil/gas extraction Commercial and institutional plants Residential plants
Plants in agriculture, forestry and aquaculture Combustion in manufacturing industry Flaring in gas and oil extraction
Figure 11.2 GHG emissions in CO2 equivalents for stationary combustion. Distribution according to sources (‘2010’) and time-series for 1990 to 2025 for main sources.
,QGXVWULDOSURFHVVHV
The GHG emission from industrial processes increased during the nine-ties, reaching a maximum in 2000. Closure of the nitric acid/fertiliser plant in 2004 has resulted in a considerable decrease in the GHG emis-sion and stabilisation at a level about 1,700 ktonnes CO
2equivalents.
The most significant source is cement production, which contributes with more than 85 % of the process-related GHG emission. Most of the pro-cesses are assumed to be constant at the same level as in 2004. Con-sumption of limestone and the emission of CO
2from flue gas cleaning are assumed to follow the consumption of coal and MSW for generation of heat and power. The GHG emission from this sector will continue to be strongly dependant on cement production.
Asphalt roofing
0%
Cement industry 85%
Steelw ork 3%
Flue gas cleaning
3%
Road paving w ith asphalt
0%
Chemical industry
0%
Glass, glass w ool
1%
Limestone, bricks, ekspanded
clay products
7%
Carbonate containing
raw materials
1%
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000
199 0
199 5
200 0
200 5
200 7
2010
’ 2015
’ 202
0 202
& 5 2 HTX DYDO HQWV WR QQ HV
2A Mineral Products 2B Chemical Industry 2C Metal Production
Figure 11.3 Total GHG emissions in CO2 equivalents for industrial processes. Distribution according to main sectors (‘2010’) and time-series for 1990 to 2025.
6ROYHQWV
In 2006 solvent and other product use account for 0.3 % of the total CO
2emissions. Emission projections from 2006 to 2010 are based on linear projections of 1995 – 2006 historical data and projections of four indus-trial sectors, namely “Auto paint and repair”, “Plastic industry”,
“Graphic industry” and “Lacquer and paint industry”, comprising ap-proximately 28 % of the total CO
2emission from solvent use in 2006.
Constant emissions are assumed from 2010 to 2030. An emission
reduc-households and industrial activities. Households, construction, plastic industry, industrial mass produced products and auto paint and repair and are the largest sources to the Danish VOC emissions from solvent use.
Paint application (3A) 41%
Chemical products , manufacturing and
proces s ing (3C) 9%
Other (3D) 33%
Degreasing and dry cleaning (3B )
17%
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160
1990 1995 2000 2005 2007 2010 2015 2020 2025
*+
*H PLV VLRQ VLQ
&
2 HTX LY
WR QQ HV
Paint application (3A)
Degreasing and dry cleaning (3B) Chemical products, manufacturing and processing (3C) Other (3D)
Figure 11.4 Total GHG emissions in CO2 equivalents for solvent use. Distribution according to main sectors (‘2010’) and time-series for 1990 to 2025.
7UDQVSRUW
Road transport is the main source of GHG emissions in ’2010’ and emis-sions from this sector are expected to increase by 64 % from 1990 to 2030 due to growth in traffic. The emission shares for the remaining mobile sources are small compared with road transport, and from 1990 to 2030 the total share for these categories reduces from 31 to 21 %. For agricul-ture/forestry/fisheries, the emissions reduce by 7 % from 1990 to 2030.
For this sector, the emissions reduce from 1990 to 2006, due to smaller numbers of agricultural tractors and harvesters though with larger en-gines. From 2007 onwards the emissions remain more or less constant.
For industry (1A2f), the emissions increase by 21 % from 1990-2030; for this sector there is a significant emission growth from 1990-2006 (due to increased activity), followed by a slight emission reduction from 2007-2030 due to machinery gradually becoming more fuel efficient. The lat-ter explanation is also the reason for the small emission declines for the activities residential (gardening) (1A4b) and navigation (1A3d) during the forecast period.
R oad (1A3b) 77%
Indust r y - Ot her (1A2f )
6%
Ag./f or ./f i sh.
(1A4c) 10%
Mi l i t ar y (1A5) 1%
R ai l ways (1A3c) 1%
Navi gat i on (1A3d) 3%
R esi dent i al ( 1A4b) 1%
Ci vi l Avi at i on (1A3a)
1%
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000 16000 18000 20000
1990 1995 2000 2005 2008 2010 2015 2020 2025
*+
*H PLV VLRQ VLQ
&
2 HTX LYDO HQWV
WR QQ
HV Military (1A5)
Ag./for./fis h. (1A4c) R es idential (1A4b) Navigation (1A3d) R ailways (1A3c) R oad (1A3b) Civil Aviation (1A3a) Indus try - Other (1A2f)
Figure 11.5 GHG emissions in CO2 equivalents for mobile sources. Distribution according to sources (‘2010’) and time-series for 1990 to 2025 for main sources.