Fuel consumption

Table 3.18 Fuel use (PJ) for domestic transport in 2004 in CRF sectors

CRF ID Fuel use (PJ)

Industry-Other (1A2f) 12

Civil Aviation (1A3a) 2

Road (1A3b) 164

Railways (1A3c) 3

Navigation (1A3d) 7

Residential (1A4b) 4

Ag./for./fish. (1A4c) 20

Military (1A5) 3

Total 215

Table 3.18 shows the fuel use for domestic transport based on DEA statistics for 2004 in CRF sectors. The fuel use figures in time-series 1990-2004 are given in Annex 3.B.13 (CRF format) and are shown for 1990 and 2004 in Annex 3.B.12 (CollectER format). Road transport has a major share of the fuel consumption for domestic transport. In 2004 this sector’s fuel use share is 76%, while the fuel use shares for Agri-culture/forestry/fisheries and Industry-Other are 9 and 6%, respec-tively. For the remaining sectors the total fuel use share is 9%.

From 1985 to 2004, diesel and gasoline fuel use has increased by 32%

and 29%, respectively, and in 2004 the fuel use shares for diesel and gasoline were 58% and 39%, respectively (Figures 3.15 and 3.16).

Other fuels only have a 3% share of the domestic transport total. Al-most all gasoline is used in road transportation vehicles. Gardening machinery and private boats and pleasure crafts are merely small consumers. Regarding diesel, there is considerable fuel use in most of the domestic transport categories, whereas a more limited use of re-sidual oil and jet fuel is apparent in the fisheries/navigation sectors and by aviation (civil and military flights), respectively.

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140

1985 1987

1989 1991

1993 1995

1997 1999

2001 2003

>3

-@ ^Diesel_Gasoline

Other

Diesel 57%

Gasoline 39%

Kerosene 0%

Jet fuel 2%

LPG

1% AvGas

0%

Residual oil 1%

Figure 3.15 Fuel consumption per fuel type for do-mestic transport 1985-2004

Figure 3.16 Fuel use share per fuel type for domestic transport in 2004

Road transport

As shown in Figure 3.17, the energy use for road transport increased until 2000, where a small fuel use decline can be noted. From 2002

onwards, fuel consumption increases. The fuel use development is due to a slight decrease in the use of gasoline fuels from 1999 on-wards combined with a steady growth in the use of diesel. Within subsectors, passenger cars represent the most fuel-consuming vehicle category, followed by heavy-duty vehicles, light duty vehicles and 2-wheelers, in decreasing order (Figure 3.18).

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180

1985 1987

1989 1991

1993 1995

1997 1999

2001 2003

>3-@

Diesel Gasoline Total

Figure 3.17 Fuel consumption per fuel type and as totals for road transport 1985-2004

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

198 5

1987 1989 199

1

1993 1995 199 7

1999 2001 200

3

>3-@

2-wheelers Heavy duty vehicles Light duty vehicles Passenger cars

Figure 3.18 Total fuel consumption per vehicle type for road transport 1985-2004

As shown in Figure 3.19, fuel consumption for gasoline passenger cars dominates the overall gasoline consumption trend. The devel-opment in diesel fuel consumption in recent years (Figure 3.20) is characterised by increasing fuel use for diesel passenger cars and light duty vehicles, while the fuel use for trucks and buses (heavy-duty vehicles), since 1999, has fluctuated. The sudden increase in fuel consumption for heavy-duty vehicles in 2003 is, however, significant.

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

1985 1987 1989

199 1

1993 1995 1997 1999 200 1

200 3

>3-@

2-wheelers Heavy duty vehicles Light duty vehicles Passenger cars

Figure 3.19 Gasoline fuel consumption per vehicle type for road transport 1985-2004

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45

198 5

198 7

1989 1991

199 3

199 5

199 7

1999 2001

200 3

>3-@

Heavy duty vehicles Light duty vehicles Passenger cars

Figure 3.20 Diesel fuel consumption per vehicle type for road transport 1985-2004

In 2004, fuel consumption shares for gasoline passenger cars, heavy-duty vehicles, diesel light heavy-duty vehicles, diesel passenger cars and gasoline light duty vehicles were 46, 25, 17, 9 and 2%, respectively (Figure 3.21).

LPG PC 0%

Diesel LDV 17%

Gasoline PC 46%

Diesel HDV 25%

Gasoline LDV 2%

2-w heelers 1%

Gasoline HDV 0%

Diesel PC 9%

Figure 3.21 Fuel use share (PJ) per vehicle type for road transport in 2004 Other mobile sources

It must be noted that the fuel use figures behind the Danish inventory for mobile equipment in the agriculture, forestry, industry, house-hold and gardening (residential), and inland waterways (part of navigation) sectors, are less certain than for other mobile sectors. For these types of machinery, the DEA statistical figures do not directly provide fuel use information, and fuel use totals are subsequently estimated from activity data and fuel use factors.

As seen in Figure 3.22, classified according to CRF the most impor-tant sectors are Agriculture/forestry/fisheries (1A4c), Industry-other (mobile machinery part of 1A2f) and Navigation (1A3d). Minor fuel consuming sectors are Civil Aviation (1A3a), Railways (1A3c), Other (military mobile fuel use: 1A5) and Residential (1A4b).

The 1985-2004 time-series are shown per fuel type in Figures 3.23-3.25 for diesel, gasoline and jet fuel, respectively.

0.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0

1985 1987

1989 1991 199 3

1995 1997 1999 2001 2003

>3 -@

Military (1A5) Railw ays (1A3c) Navigation (1A3d) Ag./for./fish. (1A4c) Civil Aviation (1A3a) Industry-Other (1A2f) Residential (1A4b)

Figure 3.22 Total fuel use in CRF sectors for other mobile sources 1985-2004

0.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0

198 5

198 7

198 9

199 1

199 3

199 5

199 7

199 9

2001 200

3

>3 -@

Military (1A5) Railw ays (1A3c) Navigation (1A3d) Ag./for./fish. (1A4c) Industry-Other (1A2f)

Figure 3.23 Diesel fuel use in CRF sectors for other mobile sources 1985-2004

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5

198 5

198 7

1989 199

1 199

3 199

5 199

7 199

9 2001

200 3

>3 -@

Military (1A5) Railw ays (1A3c) Navigation (1A3d) Ag./for./fish. (1A4c) Industry-Other (1A2f) Residential (1A4b)

Figure 3.24 Gasoline fuel use in CRF sectors for other mobile sources 1985-2004

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0

198 5

198 7

198 9

199 1

199 3

199 5

199 7

199 9

2001 200

3

>3 -@

Military (1A5) Civil Aviation (1A3a)

Figure 3.25 Jet fuel use in CRF sectors for other mobile sources 1985-2004

In the Agriculture/forestry/fisheries sector, diesel fuel use by agri-cultural machines accounts for two thirds of the total fuel consump-tion. The apparent decline is the result of fluctuations in the diesel

fuel use for fishery and the steady fuel use decrease for agricultural machines, most marked from the beginning of the 1990s.

The Navigation sector comprises national sea transport (fuel use be-tween two Danish ports) and recreational craft. For the latter cate-gory, fuel use has increased significantly from 1985 to 2004 due to the rising number of gasoline- and diesel-fuelled private boats. For na-tional sea transport, diesel fuel use shows some fluctuations over the same time period. However, for 1997 and 1998, a sudden decline in fuel use is apparent. The most important explanation here is the clos-ing of ferry service routes in connection with the openclos-ing of the Great Belt Bridge in 1997.

The largest gasoline fuel use is found for household and gardening machinery in the Residential (1A4b) sector, and, especially from 2001 onwards, a significant fuel use increase is apparent due to consider-able growth in the machinery stock. The decline in gasoline fuel use for Agriculture/forestry/fisheries (1A4c) is due to the gradual phas-ing out of gasoline-fuelled agricultural tractors.

The considerable variations from one year to another in military jet fuel use are due to planning and budgetary reasons, and the passing demand for flying activities. Consequently, for some years, a certain amount of jet fuel stock-building might disturb the real picture of aircraft fuel use. Civil aviation has decreased since the building of the Great Belt Bridge, both in terms of number of flights and total jet fuel use. For railways, the gradual shift towards electrification explains the lowering trend in diesel fuel use and the emissions for this trans-port sector. The fuel used (and associated emissions) to produce elec-tricity is accounted for in the stationary source part of the Danish inventories.

Bunkers

The residual oil and diesel oil fuel use fluctuations reflect the quan-tity of fuel sold in Denmark to international ferries, international warships, other ships with foreign destinations, transport to Greenland and the Faroe Islands, tank vessels and foreign fishing boats. For jet petrol, the sudden fuel use drop in 2002 is explained by the recession in the air traffic sector due to the events of September 11, 2001 and structural changes in the aviation business.

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45

1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003

>3 -@

Jet fuel Diesel Residual oil

Figure 3.26 Bunker fuel use 1985-2004

In document Denmark’s National Inventory Report 2006 (Sider 97-103)