Identification of the tested machine

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Conclusion

The VICON RS-L/RS-XL spreader has been tested according to a common European test procedure, developed on basis of a CEN standard draft.

On normal and late top spreading at 24 and 28 m working widths with tested fertilisers, the coefficient of variation (CV) for the evenness of transversal distribution was found to be below 15%. By use of the settings given in the instruction handbook and of the test methods for field tests given in the instructions supplied with the test kits delivered by the manufacturer, it will be possible to opti- mise the spreading pattern. For tests carried out according to the instructions, the changes made op- timised the results.

On border spreading at 24 and 28 m working widths with tested fertilisers and by use of settings from the instruction handbook, it will be possible to reduce the amount of fertiliser spread outside the border. For most tests carried out according to the instruction handbook, the changes made op- timised the results. No instructions for field test of border spreading are given.

Calibration and adjustment of the spreader will be easy to perform.

Flow rate control will be easy to perform by use of the equipment delivered as additional accessories. The obtained accuracy in application rate was within ±16% of the demanded rate. Only an in- significant influence on the flow rate was found in the case of either tilting the spreader forward, backward or to the side. The accessories for flow rate testing will be difficult to mount.

From the tractor it is not possible to see whether the feeding device is on or off.

The hopper is equipped with sieves to prevent blockage of the feeding device. A filling grade scale inside the hopper will show the actual amount of fertiliser in the hopper within an accuracy of

±10%. The hopper can only be emptied through the feeding devise when the vanes have been removed from discs. The machine is easy to clean.

The instruction handbook gives clear information about the handling of the spreader and how to set the spreader for different fertilisers. The correct setting can be made on the basis of information about type of fertiliser, particle size distribution and bulk density. A test box for measuring the particle size distribution is supplied with the spreader and when used properly gives the necessary information about particle size distribution.

Instructions for use of the field test equipment are missing in the instruction handbook, but the needed instructions are supplied with the test kit for field test. However, this information will be in- cluded in the future instruction handbook. Only instructions for test of normal spreading are given.

One minor change on the spreading chart was made during the tests.

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General conditions

Test methods

The tests were carried out according to a test procedure developed by test stations in Austria, Bel- gium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, The Netherlands, Norway and Switzerland.

The tests are based on the following CEN drafts for fertiliser distributors: CEN/TC 144/WG3 AH 12, N 167-1 Requirements and N 167-2 Test Methods. The drafts inform about the requirements and methods for testing in relation to protection of the environment (normal as well as border spreading). By means of a handbook made by the manufacturer, the drafts indicate that it should be possible to distribute fertilisers in a way which is harmless to the environment. The handbook information must be simple and easy to read and the instructions for adjustment of the distributor and performance of the tests should clearly indicate that spreading can be done in an acceptable way. It should be possible to obtain an acceptable result without depending on detailed information about e.g. brand and producer of the fertiliser. Furthermore, it should also be possible to recognise actual fertilisers by their physical properties rather than by the name of the fertiliser.

Test site

The tests were carried out indoors in a laboratory measuring 80 × 60 m. Temperature as well as humidity were controlled by equipment installed to ensure a constant minimum relative humidity (normally 50%) and a minimum temperature of 12^oC.

Spreading patterns were measured by spreading the fertiliser over a 56 m wide field divided into 448 funnel-shaped 0.25 × 0.50 m and 0.80 m deep collecting fields, placed in two rows. The results of the spreading pattern tests are based on an average picture from four runs over the test field.

During the tests the fertiliser distributor was mounted on a tractor operating at a speed of 8.3 km/h at 540 rpm.

Stationary flow rate tests were carried out by mounting the spreader in a test rig where the total weight of spreader and fertiliser was recorded every 0.20 sec.

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Test materials

In accordance with the mentioned CEN drafts, six fertilisers were selected to represent the categories of fertilisers mentioned in the standard drafts. From the six fertilisers the manufacturer choose three types with the following physical properties.

Table 1. Specifications of the chosen fertilisers Product Particle size

D50, mm

Bulk density kg/dm³

Moisture content, %

Flowability kg/min

Example*⁾

A Granules > 0.9 kg/dm³ 2.9 1.12 < 0.2 6.7 Amm. sulphide 24% N

B Granules < 0.9 kg/dm³ 3.6 0.74 < 0.5 4.0 Urea 46%

C Prilled > 0.9 kg/dm³ 2.9 1.03 < 0.2 6.8 NPK 21-3-10

*⁾ The above-mentioned fertilisers are representative of the fertiliser categories and were used in the test

The data in Table 1 are found by analysing a sample of fertiliser randomly taken from 15 big bags of each type of fertiliser. During the tests samples were taken from each big bag of fertiliser used for this spreader. Especially on flow rate tests, fluctuations were in some cases found in the cha- racteristics from one bag to the other, but they were regarded to be within the limits given by the fertiliser manufacturer.

The tested fertilisers were supplied directly from the manufacturers.

Tested machine

The VICON RS-L/RS-XL is of mounted type constructed for working widths of up to 36 m. The spreader has two discs operating from the centre towards the outside of the spreader. On the fitting for the lower left hitch points a hydraulic cylinder is mounted, thereby enabling the spreader to be tilted during border spreading The spreader has a 950 l hopper, of which the lower part is divided into two funnel-shaped sections and covered by sieves. The fertiliser will leave the hopper by way of gravitation through a discharge opening at the bottom of each funnel section. Mechanical agitators are mounted above the discharge openings. The openings are covered by shutter mechanisms which will be moved through a rod system by double acting hydraulic cylinders. The actual setting of the shutters can be made in steps on scales marked from 0 to 90 on one of the rods in the opening system. From the hopper the fertiliser will flow through a ∅ 200 mm discharge ring centrally placed on the disc. The fertiliser will be speeded up in the discharge ring and leave the discharge ring through a rectangular opening. In order to adjust the point where the fertiliser will meet with the vanes on the discs, the discharge rings may be turned by means of handles placed on each side of the hopper. The opening position can be set on a scale marked from A to T. Agitators mounted at the bottom of the hopper will ensure an even flow of fertiliser from the hopper. The agitators will be driven from the discs.

Two discs are placed just below the hopper and driven mechanically from the PTO-intake through gearboxes and power shafts. Each disc is equipped with eight vanes, six of which can be removed.

The single blade vanes are fitted to the discs at fixed positions by means hair-type pins. The speed of the discs can be altered by changing the gear wheels in the central gearboxes. In the case of flow

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rate tests or border spreading, the drive shaft connecting the central gearbox with the discs not directly in use may be disconnected.

Equipment for flow rate control can be mounted around one of the discs. The fertiliser leaving the hopper will be collected in a container placed on the ground.

In the instruction handbook, the correct setting of the machine can be found on the basis of information about type of fertiliser, bulk density and particle size distribution.

The VICON RS-L/RS-XL

The VICON RS-L/RS-XL discs

How to use test trays in the field in order to correct the spreader setting is described in special instructions.

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Tests carried out

The tests described in this report were carried out at the manufacturer’s request in order to show the performance of the machine. Of the six fertilisers mentioned in ‘General conditions - Test materi- als’, the manufacturer was asked to select at least three types of the fertilisers mentioned in the handbook supplied with the spreader. In cases where results are given for a smaller number of fertilisers, this is either due to the fact that a fewer types of fertilisers were mentioned in the handbook or alternatively, the manufacturer realised that the results did not fulfil the expectations to the spreading precision of the spreader. The granular type A fertiliser was compulsory for all chosen working widths. This fertiliser was tested at three application rates for normal spreading and at one application rate for late top and border spreading. All other fertilisers were tested at one application rate.

The definitions for the chosen spreading are as follows:

Normal: Normal spreading in the field by distributing the fertiliser as evenly as possible by going to and fro in the field

Late top: Normal spreading height plus adjustment to crop level

Border: Border spreading has been divided in different types of spreading, depending on the mode of travelling along the field edge and the purpose of the spreading

TS/YOS: In this test the spreading will be carried out at a distance from the field edge corresponding to half the normal working width in order to spread the full amount of fertiliser to the expected field edge and then reduce the rate of fertilisation to zero as quickly as possible

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Table 2. The VICON RS-L/RS-XL has been tested according to the following plan

Type of fertiliser Product Type of spreading Application rate, kg/ha Working width 24 m

Granular > 0.9 kg/dm³ Amm. sulphide 24% N NORMAL 120

Granular > 0.9 kg/dm³ Amm. sulphide 24% N TS/YOS 300

Granular > 0.9 kg/dm³ Amm. sulphide 24% N LATE TOP 300

Granular < 0.9 kg/dm³ Urea 46% N NORMAL 163

Granular < 0.9 kg/dm³ Urea 46% N LATE TOP 163

Prilled > 0.9 kg/dm³ NPK 21-3-10 NORMAL 357

Prilled > 0.9 kg/dm³ NPK 21-3-10 TS/YOS 357

Prilled > 0.9 kg/dm³ NPK 21-3-10 LATE TOP 357

Working width 28 m

Granular > 0.9 kg/dm³ Amm. sulphide 24% N TS/YOS 300

Granular > 0.9 kg/dm³ Amm. sulphide 24% N LATE TOP 300

Granular < 0.9 kg/dm³ Urea 46% N NORMAL 163

Granular < 0.9 kg/dm³ Urea 46% N LATE TOP 163

Prilled > 0.9 kg/dm³ NPK 21-3-10 NORMAL 357

Prilled > 0.9 kg/dm³ NPK 21-3-10 TS/YOS 357

Prilled > 0.9 kg/dm³ NPK 21-3-10 LATE TOP 357

For all tests, the first tests were accomplished by following the instructions in the handbook. Based on information from the manufacturer, it was estimated whether corrections of the machine were necessary or possible in order to obtain a better distribution. In this way, up to two optimisations could be made.

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Results

Theoretical example showing how results of normal and late top spreading are presented

K

The figures include 3 parts:

Test No. 12345678: Test No. will be the identification number to be noticed when comparing tables and diagrams

Type of spreading: Type of spreading is normal or late top spreading

Type of fertiliser: Refers to tested group of fertiliser. An example of fertiliser representing the group Application rate: The application rate found in test, kg/ha

Tested working width: The working width at which the spreading pattern is shown

Coefficient of Variation: The calculated statistical result from the evenness of the spreading pattern Test No.: 12345678 type of spreading

Fertiliser: Type ABC (category), e.g. example of fertiliser

Application rate: 23 kg/ha Tested working width: 12 m

CV: 12.3%

The curve of Coefficient of Variation (CV) gives the statistical result of the test

1. The calculated CV for working widths from 6-50 m 2. Bar indicating the tested working width

3. Line indicating the acceptable limit of the CV at tested working width

The spreading pattern show the evenness of spreading 1. The single spreading pattern

2. The calculated final distribution when going up and down in the field

3. Bars indicating the working width

4. Bars indicating where field test boxes should be placed

0 5 10 15 20 25 30

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200

0 5 10 15 20 25 30

2 1

3

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200

1 2

3 4

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Theoretical example showing how results of border spreading are presented

Test No.: 12345678

Fertiliser: Type ABC (category) e.g. example of fertiliser Spreading type: EOS

Working width: m Distance to border: m

Test No.: 12345678 Test No. will be the identification number to be noticed when comparing tables and diagrams

Fertiliser: Type ABC (category)

e.g. example of fertiliser Refers to tested group of fertiliser. An example of fertiliser representing the group

Spreading type: EOS Type of border spreading which definitions are given in advance

Working width: m Distance between tramlines in field

Distance to border: m Distance from first tramline to stated border line

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140

1

1. Spreading pattern of the border spreading 2. Total fertiliser distribution when border spreading

and normal spreading patterns are added 3. The bar indicates the centre of tramlines 4. The bar indicates the expected border line 4

2

3

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Methods for field tests

The VICON instruction handbook does not include instructions for field testing. Instead, instructions will be supplied with the field test kit which can be obtained from the manufacturer. The test kit consists of seven test boxes.

On normal spreading, the test boxes should be placed at positions from the centre of one tramline to that of a neighbouring tramline. In the instruction handbook, instructions for the correct setting of the machine can be found on the basis of the amount of fertiliser in the seven boxes.

Advise for the use of test boxes in connection with border spreading is not given. The manufacturer recommends judgement by visual control of the spreading quality of the fertiliser as to whether or not a correct spreading will be obtained.

Use of field test boxes by normal spreading

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Results ^{H =} Setting from handbook

Normal and late top spreading O1 = First optimisation according to "field test"

O2 = Second optimisation according to "field test"

Fertiliser type A (Granular), e.g. Amm. sulphide 24% N, 24 m working width

Test No. Intended Type Adjustments Results Result of field test

application of Vane Height - tilt Flowrate Timing PTO Application CV Left/Right Relative amounts in test boxes

rate test type setting speed rate distribution % of average amount in test

kg/ha cm - degree scale rpm kg/ha % %

Normal and late top spreading

9901317 120 H Flat vanes 75/75 27 M 540 139,7 11,2 49.6 / 50.4 103,8 90,7 98,6 104,0 98,6 90,7 103,8

9901320 120 O1 Flat vanes 75/75 27 O 540 138,8 8,0 50.6 / 49.4 109,5 94,5 95,6 112,6 95,6 94,5 109,5

9901319 300 H Flat vanes 75/75 45 M 540 334,1 10,8 49.9 / 50.1 109,1 92,7 97,0 109,8 97,0 92,7 109,1

9901322 300 O1 Flat vanes 75/75 45 O 540 331,4 7,7 50.1 / 49.9 107,4 93,5 97,2 107,5 97,2 93,5 107,4

9901318 480 H Flat vanes 75/75 58 M 540 517,0 10,4 49.5 / 50.5 110,6 89,6 97,4 109,8 97,4 89,6 110,6

9901321 480 O1 Flat vanes 75/75 58 O 540 516,6 6,6 49.5 / 50.5 112,9 96,7 95,4 110,0 95,4 96,7 112,9

Fertiliser type B (Granular), e.g. Urea 46% N, 24 m working width

9901524 163 H Flat vanes 75 / 75 41 K 540 181,6 10,7 50.0 / 50.0 119,8 86,2 99,3 118,4 99,3 86,2 119,8

Fertiliser type C (Prilled), e.g. NPK 21-3-10, 24 m working width

9901337 357 H Flat vanes 75/75, 8 D 49 S 540 386,0 2,8 50.2 / 49.8 106,1 100,9 99,4 106,5 99,4 100,9 106,1

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Fertiliser type A (Granular), e.g. Amm. sulphide 24% N, 28 m working width

9901323 120 H Flat vanes 75 , 8 D 29 R 540 132,0 6,2 51.0 / 49.0 101,9 99,4 104,5 99,2 104,5 99,4 101,9

9901329 120 O1 Flat vanes 75 , 8 D 29 T 540 132,3 4,3 50.6 / 49.4 105,0 101,6 103,2 101,8 103,2 101,6 105,0

9901325 300 H Flat vanes 75 , 8 D 49 R 540 324,5 9,3 49.8 / 50.2 93,5 93,7 104,8 92,1 104,8 93,7 93,5

9901326 300 O1 Flat vanes 75 , 8 D 49 T 540 326,6 7,5 49.5 / 50.5 95,8 96,1 104,7 94,1 104,7 96,1 95,8

9901324 480 H Flat vanes 75 , 8 D 64 R 540 520,6 11,8 50.0 / 50.0 95,0 89,8 104,6 94,4 104,6 89,8 95,0

9901328 480 O1 Flat vanes 75 , 8 D 64 T 540 512,3 7,1 49.9 / 50.1 98,3 96,3 106,0 96,8 106,0 96,3 98,3

Fertiliser type B (Granular), e.g. Urea 46% N, 28 m working width

9901525 163 H Flat vanes 75 , 8 D 41 L 540 177,1 8,7 49.9 / 50.1 99,9 93,7 99,4 100,9 99,4 93,7 99,9

9901526 163 O1 Flat vanes 75 , 8 D 44 N 540 177,2 4,4 50.2 / 49.8 107,5 101,7 96,8 106,4 96,8 101,7 107,5

Fertiliser type C (Prilled), e.g. NPK 21-3-10, 28 m working width

9901342 357 H Flat vanes 75 / 75 52 R 540 364,1 8,8 50.7 / 49.3 112,3 110,0 100,4 114,3 100,4 110,0 112,3

9901343 357 O1 Flat vanes 75 / 75 52 P 540 364,5 6,6 50.9 / 49.1 111,5 106,4 103,1 109,2 103,1 106,4 111,5

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Test no. 9901320 Normal s preading Fertilis er

Applic ation rate 139 kg/ha

Tested work ing width 24 m

Coeffic ient of V ariation 8,0 %

Typ e A (Gra n ula r), e .g . Am m . s u lp h ide 2 4 % N

0 2 0 4 0 6 0 8 0 1 0 0 1 2 0 1 4 0 1 6 0 1 8 0 2 0 0 0 5 1 0 1 5 2 0 2 5 3 0

Test no. 9901322 Normal s preading

Fertilis er

0 2 0 4 0 6 0 8 0 1 0 0 1 2 0 1 4 0 1 6 0 1 8 0 2 0 0 0 5 1 0 1 5 2 0 2 5 3 0

Fertilis er

0 2 0 4 0 6 0 8 0 1 0 0 1 2 0 1 4 0 1 6 0 1 8 0 2 0 0 0 5 1 0 1 5 2 0 2 5 3 0

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Typ e B (Gra n u la r), e.g .U re a 4 6 % N

0 2 0 4 0 6 0 8 0 1 0 0 1 2 0 1 4 0 1 6 0 1 8 0 2 0 0 0 5 1 0 1 5 2 0 2 5 3 0

Fertilis er

Type C (Prille d ), e .g. N PK 2 1-3 -1 0

0 2 0 4 0 6 0 8 0 1 0 0 1 2 0 1 4 0 1 6 0 1 8 0 2 0 0 0 5 1 0 1 5 2 0 2 5 3 0

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0 2 0 4 0 6 0 8 0 1 0 0 1 2 0 1 4 0 1 6 0 1 8 0 2 0 0 0 5 1 0 1 5 2 0 2 5 3 0

Fertilis er

0 2 0 4 0 6 0 8 0 1 0 0 1 2 0 1 4 0 1 6 0 1 8 0 2 0 0 0 5 1 0 1 5 2 0 2 5 3 0

Fertilis er

0 2 0 4 0 6 0 8 0 1 0 0 1 2 0 1 4 0 1 6 0 1 8 0 2 0 0 0 5 1 0 1 5 2 0 2 5 3 0

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Typ e B (Gra n u la r), e.g .Ure a 4 6 % N

0 2 0 4 0 6 0 8 0 1 0 0 1 2 0 1 4 0 1 6 0 1 8 0 2 0 0 0 5 1 0 1 5 2 0 2 5 3 0

Fertilis er

Type C (Prille d ), e .g. NPK 2 1-3 -1 0

0 2 0 4 0 6 0 8 0 1 0 0 1 2 0 1 4 0 1 6 0 1 8 0 2 0 0 0 5 1 0 1 5 2 0 2 5 3 0

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Results H = Setting from handbook

Border spreading O1 = First optimisation

O2 = Second optimisation

Test No. Type of Test Distance Vane Flow Timing PTO Average Distance in Average Relation : CV of evenness

tested according to type rate speed amount of which fertiliser amount of Average of spreading in

border to border setting fertiliser in was found fertiliser amount out- area from border

spreading from field area outside stated outside stated side border and to point in between

1. tramline border border in field area 1. and 2. normal

D Z G Y = G*100 / D spreading

(=100%) pattern

m scale rpm g/m2 m g/m2 % %

Fertiliser type A (Granular), e.g. Amm. sulphide 24% N , 24 m working width

9901333 TS / YOS H 12 Flat vanes 45 O 540 33,14 8,00 3,80 11,47 23,45

9901334 TS / YOS O1 12 Flat vanes 43 O 400 33,14 3,50 1,82 5,50 28,69

Fertiliser type C (Prilled), e.g. NPK 21-3-10 , 24 m working width

9901338 TS / YOS H 12 Flat vanes 49 S 540 38,60 10,00 4,40 11,41 13,42

9901339 TS / YOS O1 12 Flat vanes 50 S 500 38,60 8,00 4,52 11,72 13,77

Fertiliser type A (Granular), e.g. Amm. sulphide 24% N , 28 m working width

9901330 TS / YOS H 14 Flat vanes 48 T 400 32,66 1,50 1,60 4,90 22,84

9901331 TS / YOS O1 14 Flat vanes 51 T 450 32,66 3,50 2,39 7,33 18,91

9901332 TS / YOS O2 14 Flat vanes 49 T 540 32,66 6,50 4,05 12,40 15,20

Fertiliser type C (Prilled), e.g. NPK 21-3-10 , 28 m working width

9901345 TS / YOS H 14 Flat vanes 52 N 540 35,91 9,00 4,13 11,51 13,97

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Tes t no 9901333 Fertilis er Ty pe A (Granular), e.g. A mm . s ulphide 24 % N

Spreading ty pe YO S

W ork ing width 24 m Dis tance to border 12 m

0 50 100 150

Tes t no 9901338 Fertilis er Ty pe C (Prilled), e.g. NP K 21-3-10

W orking width 24 m Distance to border 12 m

0 50 100 150

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Tes t no 9901331 Fertilis er Ty pe A (Granular), e.g. A mm . s ulphide 24 % N

W ork ing width 28 m Dis tance to border 14 m

0 50 100 150

Tes t no 9901345 Fertilis er Ty pe C (Prilled), e.g. NP K 21-3-10

W orking width 28 m Distance to border 14 m

0 50 100 150

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Result of stationary test and inspections according to CEN standard proposal

Control of flow rate

Set flow rate: 104 kg/min

Deviation between set and obtained flow rate: <2 % Deviation in flow from start to end of emptying: <1 %

Amount in hopper before emptying became unstable: <2 % left in hopper Deviation in flow at 10 degrees to the right: <2 %

Deviation in flow at 10 degrees to the left: <3 % Deviation in flow at 10 degrees backwards: <2 % Deviation in flow at 10 degrees forward: <2 % Hopper filling opening

Opening: 1.19 × 2.38 m

Sieve: Sieve inside

Hopper emptying

Method for emptying: Through feeding device after removing vanes Hopper cleaning

Method: By flushing after emptying the hopper

Calibration aid

Equipment: Special flow rate equipment around left or right disc.

Test box for measuring particle size distribution Feeding device

Method: Feeding by gravity, agitator inside hopper

Tightness: No spillage will occur when shutters are closed

Other measurements

Centre of gravity: 0.56 m

Calculated necessary lifting force according to ISO: 15.8-17.2 kN - depending on dimensions in 3-point linkage

Power requirement at a flow of 104 kg/min: 4.9 kW Instruction handbook

Language: Dutch, English, French, German, Danish, Swedish

and Spanish Information about suitable fertilisers: Yes

Description of the spreaders function and proper use: Yes Description of handling, care and maintenance: Yes Information about normal spreading: Yes

Information about test of normal spreading: No – delivered together with test kit Information about border spreading: Yes

Information about test of border spreading: No Information about how to spread in headland: Yes

Normal spreading charts: Yes

Border spreading charts: No – general information in handbook Late top spreading charts: No – same setting as for normal spreading

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Identification of the tested machine

Manufacturer: KVERNELAND Nieuw-Vennep BV

Model: VICON RS-L/RS-XL

Production number: 77029 1830

Production year: 1998

Type of spreader – mounted/trailed: Mounted

Feeding system: By gravity through cylinder on disc

Distribution system: Double discs turning from centre towards outside the spreader

Working widths min/max, m: 10/36

Way of changing working widths: Changing speed of discs by changing gear ratio or PTO-speed and in special cases tilting the spreader forward 8 degrees. Also timing may be changed Way of doing border spreading: By TS: Tilting the machine

By FS: Using special deflector and closing flow on one side

Way of doing spreading at reduced working width: By changing gear ratio and timing

Way of performing flow rate test: By use of special flow rate test equipment

Driving speed - min/max, km/h: 6/14

Flow rate - min/max, l/min: 10/250 – depending on type of fertiliser

Overall length, m: 1.27

Overall width, m: 2.44

Overall height, m: 0.97

3-point linkage:

Distance between lower linking points, m: 0.815 Distance from ground to lower link point, m: 0.03/0.21 Distance from ground to upper link point, m: 0.64/0.74 Diameter of lower link pins, mm: 28 Diameter of upper link pin, mm: 25.7

Net weight mass, kg: 410

Hopper capacity, l: 950

Maximum stated load, kg: 2000

Scale inside hopper: Yes

Sieve inside hopper: Yes

Inspection window in hopper wall: No Possibilities of emptying spreader without spreading: Yes

Way of turning discs: Mechanical

Type of power intake: 6-spline

Speed of power intake: 540 rpm

Type and number of hydraulics: 2 – double-acting cylinders for operating shutters 1 – single-acting cylinder for tilting the machine

Electrical connections: None

Support for PTO-shaft: Yes

Support for hydraulics: Yes

Responsible test staff

Krister Persson Hans Skovsgaard Jacob Bangsgaard

Research Centre Bygholm, 2000 ISSN: 1398-0416