• Ingen resultater fundet

The History of Creationism in Europe – et internationalt bog- og forskningsprojekt

N/A
N/A
Info
Hent
Protected

Academic year: 2022

Del "The History of Creationism in Europe – et internationalt bog- og forskningsprojekt"

Copied!
25
0
0

Indlæser.... (se fuldtekst nu)

Hele teksten

(1)

The History of Creationism in Europe – et internationalt bog- og forskningsprojekt

Hans Henrik Hjermitslev, adjunkt, ph.d.

Pædagoguddannelsen i Aabenraa hhhj@ucsyd.dk Frascati, en by i Syddanmark, intern workshop,

University College Syddanmark, 12. november 2013

(2)

Projektet

Stefaan Blancke (Ghent University), Hans Henrik Hjermitslev (UC Syddanmark) and Peter C. Kjærgaard (Aarhus University), eds:

The History of Creationism in Europe, Johns Hopkins University Press, 2014.

21 forfattere fra 11 lande, 16 kapitler om kreationisme i Europa i

historisk og sociologisk perspektiv.

(3)

Indhold

Foreword: Ronald L. Numbers

Introduction: Creationism in Europe or European Creationism? Stefaan Blancke, Hans Henrik Hjermitslev and Peter C. Kjærgaard

Chapter 1. France: Thomas Lepeltier

Chapter 2. Spain and Portugal: Jesús I. Catalá-Gorgues Chapter 3. United Kingdom Joachim Allgaier

Chapter 4. The Low Countries: Stefaan Blancke, Abraham C. Flipse & Johan Braeckman Chapter 5. Scandinavia: Hans Henrik Hjermitslev and Peter C. Kjærgaard

Chapter 6. Germany: Ulrich Kutschera Chapter 7. Poland: Bartosz Borczyk Chapter 8. Greece: Efthymios Nicolaidis

Chapter 9. Russia and Post-Soviet Countries: Inga Levit, Georgy Levit, Uwe Hossfeld, Lennart Olsson Chapter 10. Turkey: Martin Riexinger

Chapter 11. Catholic Creationism in Europe: Rafael A. Martínez and Thomas F. Glick Chapter 12. Intelligent Design in Europe: Barbara Forrest

Chapter 13. Anti-creationism in Europe: Peter C. Kjærgaard Afterword: Reclaiming Science for Creationism: Nicolaas Rupke Notes on Sources : Stefaan Blancke

(4)

Baggrund

Europarådet: Resolution 1580 (2007) ‘The dangers of creationism in education’

“3. Creationism, born of the denial of the evolution of species through natural selection, was for a long time an almost exclusively American phenomenon. Today creationist ideas are tending to find their way into Europe and their spread is affecting quite a few Council of Europe

member states.

4. The prime target of present-day creationists, most of whom are of the Christian or Muslim faith, is education. Creationists are bent on ensuring that their ideas are included in the school science syllabuses.

Creationism cannot, however, lay claim to being a scientific discipline.”

(5)

Baggrund

“19. The Parliamentary Assembly therefore urges the member states, and especially their education authorities to:

[…]

19.4. firmly oppose the teaching of creationism as a scientific discipline on an equal footing with the theory of evolution and in general the

presentation of creationist ideas in any discipline other than religion”

(6)

Tidsplan

03/2010: ‘Dansk kreationisme’ i Religion – Tidsskrift for Religionslærerforeningen for Gymnasiet og HF

10/2010: Session ved SSSR Konference, Baltimore. Aftaler med enkelte forfattere, udgiver og redaktør af bogserie

11/2010: Prospekt sendt til Johns Hopkins University Press 02/2011: Prospekt godkendt efter review, kontrakt underskrevet 03/2011: Invitation sendt til forfattere

11/2011: Workshop om kapiteludkast, Ghent University 02/2012: Deadline for andet udkast

06/2012: Deadline for tredje udkast 05/2013: Manuskript sendt til JHUP

06/2013: Review modtaget på samlet manuskript 08/2013 Svar på review sendt til JHUP

09/2013: Artikel i Journal of the American Academy of Religion 12/2013: Revideret manuskript sendes til JHUP, sidste review 2014: Endelig redigering, layout, udgivelse og promovering

(7)

Kreationisme i Skandinavien

(8)

Kvantitative data

True False Don’t know

Belgium 74% 21% 5%

Denmark 83% 13% 4%

France 80% 12% 8%

Germany 69% 23% 8%

Greece 55% 32% 14%

The Netherlands 68% 23% 9%

Norway 74% 18% 8%

Poland 59% 27% 14%

Portugal 64% 21% 15%

Spain 73% 16% 11%

Sweden 82% 13% 5%

Turkey 27% 51% 22%

United Kingdom 79% 13% 8%

Table 1: European Commission 2005

”Here is a little quiz. For each of the following statements, please tell me if it is true or false. If you don’t know, say so, and we will go on to the next one. Human beings, as we know them today, developed from earlier species of animals.”

(9)

Religiøse grupper i 2011

Nationale protestantiske kirker:

Den danske Folkekirke 4,475,000 80.4%

Den Norske Kirke 3,848,000 78.0%

Svenska Kyrkan 6,580,000 70.0%

(2-5 % deltager højmessen)

Andre kristne trossamfund (Lutheranere, Pinsebevægelsen, adventister, baptister, metodister, Jehovas Vidner, katolikker etc.):

Danmark 93,000 1.7%

Norge 246,000 5.0%

Sverige 700,000 7,4%

Muslimer (alle inklusive) Danmark 230.000 4,2%

Norge 150,000 3,1%

Sverige 500,000 5,3% (ca. 5% deltager i fredagsbønnen)

(10)

”I believe there is a God”

Turkey 95%

Greece 81%

Spain 59%

Germany 47%

Belgium 43%

United Kingdom 38%

France 34%

The Netherlands 34%

Norway 32%

Denmark 31%

Sweden 17%

Estonia 16%

Source: Eurobarometer 225, 2005

(11)

Historisk analyse

• Religiøs kritik af darwinisme siden 1870’erne

• Evolution accepteret blandt moderate lutheranere i det 20.

århundrede

• Kreationisme som en del af protestantisk fundamentalisme i USA fra 1920’erne: kamp mod evolutionsbiologi i skolerne

• Fra 1970’erne blev amerikansk kreationisme importeret til Skandinavien gennem oversættelser på evangeliske forlag

• Kristne kreationister lancerede to små selskaber og tidsskrifter

i 1980’erne

(12)

Protestantisk kreationisme

ORIGO

Dansk-norsk tidsskrift 950 abonnenter

Lutheranere, pinsefolk og adventister

2007: Lærebog i 300 eksemplarer møntet på 36 kristne friskoler i DK 2009: børnebog, Darwinbiografi og kritik af evolutionsteorien udgivet i 800 eksemplarer hver.

(13)

Protestantisk kreationisme

• Biolog Kristian B. Østergaard

• Lærer på Det Kristne

Gymnasium i Ringkøbing Teori:

• Design i naturen

• Jorden er mellem 2 mio. og 1 mia. år gammel

• 200-300 grundtyper, mennesket den ene

• Ingen human evolution

(14)
(15)

Skandinaviske netværk

(16)

Skandinaviske netværk

(17)

Museum i Umeå, Sverige

Credo, 2010 (IMs forlag)

(18)

Førende kreationister

DK Peter Øhrstrøm Professor i filosofi, AAU Pinsekirken ID

DK Knud Aage Back Skolelærer ? YEC

DK Kristian Østergaard Cand.scient, gymnasielærerIndre Mission OEC/ID DK Holger Daugaard Cand.scient, gymnasielærerAdventistkirken YEC NO Peder Tyvand Professor i fysik, UMB, Ås ? OEC/ID

NO Steinar Thorvaldsen Lektor i matematik, UiT, Tromsø ? ? NO Willy Fjeldskaar Professor i geofysik, Tectonor ? ?

SW Mats Molén Skolelærer ? YEC

SW Anders Gärdeborn ? ? ?

SW Krister Renard Cand.scient., fysiklærer Word of Faith OEC/ID

(19)
(20)

Diplom fra adventistkirkens brevkursus

(21)

Evangeliske frikirker

Løkken Frikirke, 2009

(22)

Muslimsk kreationisme

• Bind I og II af Atlas of Creation blev sendt til 500-1.000

danskere i 2006 og 2007.

• I 2007 og 2009 blev internet- afstemninger på eb.dk om evolution manipuleret af tyrkiske stemmer.

• ”The Collapse of the Theory of Evolution and the Fact of

Creation”, BAV-forelæsninger i København og Malmø i maj 2011 (Cihad Gundogdo)

(23)

Source: Peter C. Kjærgaard

(24)

Source: Peter C. Kjærgaard

(25)

Kreationismens indflydelse

• Modsat de fleste andre lande så støtter meget få politikere kreationisme og intelligent design i Skandinavien

• Offentlige skoler underviser ikke i kreationisme

• Nogle kristne og muligvis nogle muslimske friskoler underviser i kreationisme i biologitimerne – nødvendigt med kvantitative og kvalitative undersøgelser

• I 2007 blev undervisning i kreationisme forbudt i Sverige

• To små kreationistiske selskaber med få økonomiske midler og oplag på 500-1.000 stk.

• Har vundet indpas på den kirkelige højrefløj inden for de nationale kirker og blandt evangeliske og karismatiske frikirker samt blandt muslimer, Hara Krishna- og Rudolf Steiner-disciple

Referencer

RELATEREDE DOKUMENTER

maripaludis Mic1c10, ToF-SIMS and EDS images indicated that in the column incubated coupon the corrosion layer does not contain carbon (Figs. 6B and 9 B) whereas the corrosion

If Internet technology is to become a counterpart to the VANS-based health- care data network, it is primarily neces- sary for it to be possible to pass on the structured EDI

Although a detailed history of the evolution of American obstetrics in the modern period is beyond the scope of this paper, the mentioned features are crucial to explain

This paper will introduce and discuss correspondence between Mary and Arthur Prior and between Arthur Prior and J.J.C Smart from 1954 on the five topics: freedom, abstract

In a series of lectures, selected and published in Violence and Civility: At the Limits of Political Philosophy (2015), the French philosopher Étienne Balibar

In general terms, a better time resolution is obtained for higher fundamental frequencies of harmonic sound, which is in accordance both with the fact that the higher

Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of

In order to verify the production of viable larvae, small-scale facilities were built to test their viability and also to examine which conditions were optimal for larval