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Temperatur stabilisering ved brug af faseskiftende materiale - PCM

Rode, Carsten; Gunner, Amalie

Publication date:

2010

Link back to DTU Orbit

Citation (APA):

Rode, C., & Gunner, A. (2010). Temperatur stabilisering ved brug af faseskiftende materiale - PCM. Paper præsenteret ved Danvak Dagen 2010, DTU, Kgs. Lyngby.

http://www.danvak.dk/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=75&Itemid=128

(2)

Temperatur stabilisering ved brug af p g g faseskiftende materiale - PCM

Carsten Rode & Amalie Gunner

(3)

Phase Change Materials –

latent varme lagring for at opnå større latent varme lagring for at opnå større komfort i fx et kontor

Picture: BASF

(4)

Hvad er formålet med PCM?

Modern lightweight architecture Heavy old building

Foto: MFS

Foto: MFS

PCM is the ONLY technology, which is able to STOP temperature increase PCM is the ONLY technology, which is able to STOP temperature increase

at indoor application, without causing energy expenses  at indoor application, without causing energy expenses 

(5)

PCM in summer –

Insulation in winter

In winter thermal insulation reduces heat loss through the walls In summer m st ener entr is thr u h the ind

In summer most energy entry is through the window Effective temperature control via:

Heat storage Shade

Night ventilation

resulting 

= interior       

temperature 200 t

N ght nt at on Insulation

te pe atu e

(6)

Heat storage: two types

Latent varmelagring Phase transition

Sensibel varmelagring Temperature difference

“Melting/Crystallization heat” 

Ice‐Water: Δ H = 333 kJ/kg 0C

0C

“Heat capacity”

Water: c

p

 4.2 kJ/kg ∙ K 1C

1C   80C 80C at 0C

at 0C 333 kJ/kg

1C  1C 80C  80C  332 kJ/kg

Picture: BASF Picture: BASF

(7)

Use of PCM in construction

Comparison Air Temperatures [°C]

with PCM without

PCM

comfort zone

cp

comfort zone H stabilized 

3 cm plaster, containing 30% PCM

Date source: FHG ISE

18 cm concrete 23 cm bricks

PCM traps heat from room

Recrystallisation to recharge PCM

source: FHG ISE

3 c b c s

Recrystallisation to recharge PCM

(8)

Microcapsules as packaging

Building materials soaked with PCM can result in exudation.

Microcapsuled latent heat stores overcome this problem.

Polymer  coating

Wax 

Fp: ca 26C Fp: ca. 26C Δ H: 110 J/g 5 µm

Picture: BASF

19.08.2004

Picture: BASF

5 µm

(9)

Material background Micronal ® PCM Material background - Micronal PCM

Liquid Powder

19.08.2004 8

Picture: BASF Picture: BASF

(10)

PCM - Aircrete

Insulation AND Thermal Capacity Insulation AND Thermal Capacity

only  λ

delayed 

resulting  indoor temp.

Temperature cycles outside

λ + Δ H

(11)

Ready-to-use

Micronal® PCM SmartBoard™ 23/26 Micronal® PCM SmartBoard 23/26

Length 2,00 m

Width 1 25 m

Width 1,25 m

Thickness 15 mm

Weight 11,5 kg/m²

PCM 3 k d / ²

Picture: BASF Picture: BASF

PCM content approx. 3 kg dry/m² Heat capacity (latent)  min. 330 kJ/m²

Picture: Haus der Gegenwart, Munich, Germany Picture: Haus der Gegenwart, Munich, Germany

(12)

Forsøg på DTU Forsøg på DTU

• Varmeledningsevne

• Varmekapacitet Varmekapacitet

• Temperaturvariation

• Temperaturvariation i rum

(13)

Varmeledningsevne

Varmeledningsevne

(14)

PCM er temperaturafhængig PCM er temperaturafhængig

• Bestemmes for temperatur under‐ og over  smeltepunktet.

• T

15

& T

30

• T

15

< smeltepunkt.

‐  = 0,14 W/(m 2 K)

• T

30

> smeltepunkt. s e tepu t

‐  = 0,15 W/(m 2 K)

(15)

Varmekapacitet og entalpi

Varmekapacitet og entalpi

(16)

Varmekapacitet for gips med PCM

Varmekapacitet for gips med PCM

(17)

Varmekapacitet for gips med PCM

Varmekapacitet for gips med PCM

(18)

Tilstandsfunktionen Tilstandsfunktionen

Bestemmelse af den specifikke entalpi h = h0 + cp (T-T0)

(19)

Entalpi for gips med PCM

Entalpi for gips med PCM

(20)

Sammenligning Sammenligning

For 1m

2

gips på 15 mm med 30% PCM

∆H 290 kJ/

2

• ∆H = 290 kJ/m

2

For 1m

2

beton på 15mm

• ∆H = 165 kJ/m ∆H = 165 kJ/m

2

d t t t i t l å 5 med et temperaturinterval på 5

grader

(21)

Temperaturvariation

Temperaturvariation

(22)

Gips/Smartboard Gips/Smartboard

D tt i l d å ’i d id ’ f h til b df

Der opsættes en gipsplade på ’indersiden’ af hensyn til brandfare Lille dæmpning ved 24 - 27 ºC.

(23)

Gips/3 Smartboards Gips/3 Smartboards

Stor dæmpning grundet meget PCM.

(24)

Konklusion Konklusion

k l

• Faseændringen sker i et interval, 22-26 ºC.

• Temperaturgradient dæmpes ved

faseændring  Latent varmeoptagelse faseændring  Latent varmeoptagelse.

• Dæmpning sker først ved ca. 25 ºC pga. p g pg

brandbeskyttende lag.

(25)

Temperaturvariation i rum

Temperaturvariation i rum

(26)

Indvendig væg Indvendig væg

33 ºC 27 ºC

21 ºC 22,5 ºC

(27)

Brandbeskyttende lag Brandbeskyttende lag

O t t l b db k tt d i 15 F1

• Opsat et lag brandbeskyttende gips, 15-F1.

Næsten ingen forskel mellem de to rum.

(28)

Konklusion på forsøg Konklusion på forsøg

• Mindre temperaturvariation ved rummet opbygget af smartboards

smartboards.

• Virkning reduceres væsentligt, hvis ikke temperaturen kommer under smeltepunkt.

• Brandbeskyttende lag nedsætter PCM’ets effekt.

• Smartboards reducerer:

M k i l t t - Maksimal temperatur - Temperaturvariation

• Temperaturen skal under smeltepunktetTemperaturen skal under smeltepunktet.

(29)

Bygningssimuleringer med PCM Bygningssimuleringer med PCM

D tilf j t li h d f t l b i d

• Der er tilføjet mulighed for at lave beregninger med faseskiftende materialer i BSim

• Faseskiftende materialer kan anvendes som

varmekapacitetsforøgende tilslagsmateriale i f.eks. gipsplader, porebeton puds og beton Anvendes materialet i f eks en

porebeton, puds og beton. Anvendes materialet i f.eks. en

gipsplade kan denne opnå samme termiske egenskaber som en ½- stens mur.

• Faseskiftende materialer er derfor oplagt at anvende i

kontorbyggeri for at undgå/reducere kølebehovet Muligheden kontorbyggeri for at undgå/reducere kølebehovet. Muligheden for at regne med faseskiftende materialer findes indtil videre som en beta-version i den seneste opdatering af BSim. Brug af den nye funktionalitet kræver at der benyttes den nyeste

den nye funktionalitet kræver at der benyttes den nyeste database (BSim2008.mdb).

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Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of

Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of

Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of

Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of

Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of

Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of

Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of

Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of