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Kalibrering af partielle sikkerhedsfaktorer for udmattelse af vindmøllerotorer
Christensen, Carl Jørgen; Ronold, K.O.; Thøgersen, M.L.
Publication date:
2000
Document Version
Også kaldet Forlagets PDF Link back to DTU Orbit
Citation (APA):
Christensen, C. J., Ronold, K. O., & Thøgersen, M. L. (2000). Kalibrering af partielle sikkerhedsfaktorer for
udmattelse af vindmøllerotorer. Denmark. Forskningscenter Risoe. Risoe-R Nr. 1204(DA)
Risø-R-1204(DA)
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Usikkerhedskilde Værdi,
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γ m
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sklasse
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UH:S=E>:7@*
Bb b S=ER=b P>BO=V:Hb CFQREHHEG E>
γ 2
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P>BO=V:HEG=b'D BG U> BHVN3W NGB>&E>E U=><;=E
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RQ; NVBR:; O=<GGE SIZ>E EVM>QU=HEC CFER >EM>ZNEG=VBV:S=:VEVT _S=BR BG;=W> ;=EGGE
m-
NG:VH:; CFBVE>:BHEQM=P>&NEHT8RbS=bNb8REV!E>:O=O=E`N:O=O=E>VT8BV REG BGS=EGRVE`CF:RREH
S−N
O=<>S=EDP>BDO=<MQGPQ=>&N;=EGEDS=:HS=Z>ED>EM=>ZNEG=VBV:S PQ=>S=:G;=ECFBVE>:BHEVN S=:>O=EH:;=E
S−N
O=<>S=Eb7EV8NO=BH8Q;=NW GZS=G=ENTaBV8NEHSDQC VENVO=<MQGE>GE7_BS=RE S=Z>EV8P>ECFNV:HHEVS=ER <
d-
NO=Z>:G; BP7M>S=EN3VIOO=E>7P>B EG >&EEHS=:G;=ET*NW S=:HHE R=E> O=<GGE S=Z>E N3V>&>EHNEN]
EHHE>*NO=BHBEPPEO=VE>T8N3QC S=:HHEF_BS=EF;3Q=>VTBV REG HQO=BHED<RCFBVVEHNEN3NV=>O=EDP<GR=EV
P>B O=<MQG=PQ>&N;=EGE BHH:;=ES=EH:O=O=E S=:HHE _BS=E S=Z>EV >EM>Z NEG=VBV:S PQ> NV=>O=EG :
S=:G;=EVS=Z>NG:VVEVb' E>E;=G:G;=E>&GETRE>E><R=P>&V:S=Q>EJO=BH:U=>E>:G;=E>TE><=RP=>V<
n-
RE>XEG BG=VB;=EHN3E QC`T BV*<RCFBVVEHNENM>&QUHECFEV*PQ>XREG UEV>B;=VERE UHBR>QR E>XEV
_QV8NMQV9]^M>QUHEC`TRbS=bNbREVE>HQO=BH:N3E>EV8V:HREVNM=E
:P&:O=O=E M<GO=V: S=:G;=EVS=Z
r-
NG:VVEVTR=E> E> HQO=BH:NE>&EV HZG;=NV S=ZO P>BDU3G=:G;=NBO=NEG Q; NWHEREN7VEQ>EV:NO _B>
REG N3V>&NVE U-ENMZ GR=:G;=b EV NWRBG=V!HQO=BHV!M<GO=V E>*R=EV >:CFEH:;=V!BV!UEG=VVE`R=EG
HQO=BHE <RCFBVVEHNEN3N3V=>O=ET Q; REGGE E>JN3W BG=VB;=EVXBVXO=<GGE >&EM>Z NEG=VE>&EN ;=QRV
CFER <R CFBVVEHNEN3NVI>O=EG UEN3VECFV P&>BJO=<MQGPQ=>N;=EGEb ^CF:RHE>V:R E>REV N3WRBGT BV
RE>:S=:G;=EVS=Z>NG:VVEVQCFO=>:G; REVUEV>B;=VER=E1_Q=VN3MQV$ S=:HS=Z>E EVQCF>WRE BP
:O=O=E <UEV=REH:; <R=N3V>ZO=G:G; CFER V:HGZ>CFEVN3BCDCFE U3ENMZGR=:G; NQC :REVVE
_QV NMQV9b7EVVEFE> PQ>&R: R=EVVE _=QV NMQ=V$DUEP:GRE>N:; MW R=EG PHBRE R=EH BPEV
>EHBV:S=V*NVQ=>V
:>O=<HZ>&V*>=>VS=Z>NG=:Vb V <RCFBVVEHNENU=><R S=:H RE>PQ=> HQO=BH:N3E>ENFV:H
REVYM<=GO=VY:YREVVE Q=CF>WRETR=E>`_=B>`R=EG HBS=ENVE <RCFBVVEHNEN3N3V=>O=EbD ER EG <
d-
NV>ZO=G:G; CFBG;=E ;IBG;=E NV>>&EHN3EG BP`EG VENVO=<MQGTS=:HXQCF>WREVN <RCFBVVEHNE
s-
NV=>O=EJUH:S=EJCF:GR>E7EGR <RCFBVVEHNENN3V=>O=EG PQ>REJEGO=EHVE VENVO=<MQGE>b 7EVVEJE>
EG NWO=BHR=VN3V>&>EHNEN] EHHE>NO=BHBEPP&EO=VT!RE>NWHER=EN :O=O=E E>VB;=EV_EGN=G V:H:RE
<RP>&VE O=BH:U=>E>&:G;IE>T*Q; NQC P>N3VXQ; P>ECFCFENVX;=:S=E>JN:; <RNHB; :EG CF:RREH
S − N
O=<>S=ET RE>/H:;I;=E>XV:HS=EGN3V>&E PQ>XR=EG CF:RREHO=<>S=ET RE>XP&:GR=ENJP>&B O=<MQn- forsøgene.
7:NNE EO=NV>B <N3:O=O=E>_ERE>YE>V:H*EG S=:NF;=>BR ZO=S=:6S=BHEGVE CFER RE <N:O=O=E>_ER=E>T
NQC MB>V:BHO=QEP&P:
:EGVE>GE
γ 3
T
γ 4
T Q; >ER=<O=V:QGN3PBO=VQ=>EG
c p
E>CFEGV BV VB;=E _WGR
QC PQ>
c p
N3E GZN3VE BPNG=:Vb%7:S=:H*RQ; >E;=GE CFERT BV*R=B C HHES=:G;=E>YE>YCFE;=EV
O=Q CFMH:
E>&ERE O=QGN-V><O=V:QGE>TNQC V:H;=EG;=ZHR P>ECFNV:HHEND:CFE;=EVNVQ>&E VBHTE>
REV!VS=:S=HNQCFV QC GQ>CFEG : N:G G=<S=Z>EGREDP&Q>C E>>&EHES=BG=V PQ=>HNG=:G; BP
R:NN3EYM>&QUHECFE>b
GUP-styrke
7@ ? E>`RE>`P&Q>ENO=>ES=EVYEG >ZO=O=E QCF>E;=G:G;=NPBO=VQ>E>T RE>J>ER=<
E>E>JREG
CFBVE>:BHEN3V=>O=ETRE>O=BG >&E;=GENCFERb 7E>&PQ=>NO=BHPBO=VQ>EG
η
:H:;=G:G; UE>Eg-
GEN*NQCKM>QR<O=VEVBP;`>&ER<O=V
ionsfaktorer:
h p t
T c c c
c ⋅ ⋅ ⋅
η = (2)
7EYP:>EYG=EY>&ER<O=V:QG=NP&BO=VQ>E>!E>!REP:G=E>EVNQCKPH;=E> :' BU=EH')]
HBGR=V R:NNE E>
c t
H:RVNME
:EHT :REV REG VB;IE>*_-REJPQ=>*HES=EV:R=NS=B>:BV:QG S=B>&:BV
i-
QG :!BG=VBH!HBN3VS=:RRE>V:H!U=><RCFER NV>&>EHNEG BPREFM=WV>=O=VEFHBNVS=:RR=E>b9 BO=VQ>EG
S=:HRE>&PQ> :GR;=W NQC EG S=B>:BUEH8NV>&>EHNE7S=ER UE>E;=G:G;DBP%D :G=E>]^N<CDCFEG REG
UEO=EGRVE
S-N
O=<>S=E b7E S=>:;=E EV*N3:CFMHE PBO=VQ>&E>T RE>X:GR;=W> CFE;=EV CFE>E Ri- rekte.
@8BCDCFEGH:;=G:G;=EG CFEHHEC GQ>CFEGN MB>&V:BHO=QEP&P:
:EGVE> Q;4RE :DS=Q>EN CFQREH
:GRU=;=;=EREYS=:NE>TBV
•
ER<O=V:QGN3PBO=VQ>&EGc t
PQ>
S − N
O=<>S=EG E>:GR=U=;;=EV*:*S=Q>EN`CFQREH*;=EGGEC U><; BP EV NZ V HES=EV:RNCFWH:G;=E> S=ER P&Q=>NO=EHH:;=EFHBNVS=Z>R:E>b.7Q=>CFEG BGS=En-
RE>!EG`BGR=EG ;=EGE>EH!CD]&S=Z>R:PQ=>!@8]4O=<
rven.
•
S=>:;=EJ>ER<O=V:QGN3PBO=VQ=>E>c T , c p , c h er
45 5 35:45$52 7EJU>*Ue-
>E;=GEN*Q;JCFERVB;=EN*NQC BGP>V: GQ=>CFEGb 7EV UECFZ>O=ENT BV R=EV:O=O=E E>
O=HB>VT CFEGFCFE;=EV NBGRN=GH:;=VT BV REY: GQ=>CFEGDE> PBN3VNBV8<R=P>B
ingeniørmæssi-
;=EYUEV>B;=VG=:G;=E>!Q;J:O=O=EY<RP>BYM=>Z
:N3EYO=BH:U>&E>&:G;=E>!<RP&>&BYCFWH:
nger.
214>?9 2F 502= ?9 <49:=478>?=@1 ?021 F 236> =41
@8:O=O=E>_ERNG:S=EB<=EV: EGFO=QGN3V><O=V:QGDBP S=:H8BP_ZG;=E7BP U=WRE HBN3V]!Q;DCFBV
e-
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:EGVE>GEb 7>BS=EVV:HHBN3V]7Q ; C`BVE>:BHEO=QEPP&:
:EGVPQ=>JBVXQMGW EVU
e-
NVECFVN:O=O=E>_ERN3G:S=EB< E> QP&VE EVO=>BS V:HM=>QR<O=VEVBPJRE VQ O=QEP&P:
:EGVE>b :
NO=BH RE>&PQ> PQ=> BV8NBCFCFEGH:;=GE7GQ>CFPQ>C`BVEV8CFERDREV PQ>CFBVTaR=E> E> :GRU=;=;=EV8:
S=Q>EN*ERU]&CFQREHQ;=NWYNEYM=WYHBN3VO=QEPP&:
:E
nterne.
+
@#
Reduktionsfaktor
5
C T Driftstemperatur
b`] bc t
BNVS=B>&:;=_ER`Q;
=O=H:NOJHBNV
S-N-kurve)
b`] b(c p Produktionsmetode
b?`] bc h Udhærdningsgrad
b?`].bBU=EH')] ER<O=V:QG=NPBO=VQ=>E> : GQ=>C
Usikkerhedskilde Værdi,
. "
γ f
BNVE>T<RCFBVVEHNE
1.00
BU=EH')] 8B>V:BHO=QEPP&:
:EG=VE>!PQ=>!HBN3VE>
s-
O=QEPP:
:EG=VEG PQ=>RE`EGO=EHVEDHBN3VS=:RR=E> E>CF:GR>EFEGR ! b^PH;=E 7@ ;=Z
l-
RE> R=EG\BHV:Rb &CF:R=HE>&V:R E> R=E>D:J>&EO=QCDCFEGRBV:QGEG\V:H VEO=G:NO\;=><GRHB;\PQ=>
;=QRO=EGREHNE BPS=:GR=C HHE> :GR=P-EV8EG UEV:G;=EHNETaGECFH:; BV HBN3VS=:RRE>&GEJE>P<
n-
REVYS=ER CFWH:G; EHHE>`UE>&E;=GEVY: EVYN:CF<HE>:G;=NM>&Q;=>BCFTRE>FE>FS=E>&:P&:
E>EV S=ER
CFWH:G;=E>b7B S=Q>E HBNVRBVB E>CFWHVETaE>U=EV:G;=EHNEG QMP=HR=VP&Q>BVU=EG=VVE b PQ=>
partialkoefficienten.
8B>V:BHO=QEPP&:
:EG=VEG PQ> HBNVJBGS=EGREN M=W BHHE HBNVS=:RR=E> :JREG"O=B>&BO=VE>&:N3V:NO=E
lastviddefordeling
21258>?=4149:3 >?9:365
lastviddefordeling
ERU ]&CFQREHHEG V:HXO=BH:U>&E>&:G; BPFM=B>&V:BHO=QEPP&:
:EG=VE>FE>`HBNVPQ>&REH:G;=EG >&EM>
æ-
NEGVE>EVCFER`<N:O=O=E>_ERE>!NQCKS=:NV: BUEH')] b
7@ E>YEG O=B>^BO=VE>&:N3V:NO HBNVS=:RR=EPQ=>REH:G; PQ=>ENO=>ES=EVT RE>YE>XBV*UEV>B;=VE
NQC EGF>EHBV:S=V O=QG=NE>S=BV:S`:R=EBH:N3E>EVPQ>R=EH:G;`: PQ=>_QHRFV:H REG`PQ>&REH:G;=TRE>;
PbEO=Nb<R P&>B CFWH:G;IE>% E>;=><GR V:HBVPQ=>S=EGVEb 7EG E>EP&VE>BHV BV RCFCFE`S=BH;=V
NQC EG PQ>EGO=HEV Q=; :REBH:NE>EV QCF_=HRG:G;=NO=<>S=E PQ> RE
lastviddefordelinger,
CFBGFS=ER`GQ>CFEGN*V:HU=H:S=EHNEX_B>!P&Q>S=EGVEVBVO=<GGEYM=WV>ZPP&Eb
S=Q> CFQREHPQ> GQ=>CFPQ>CFBVQ; N:O=O=E>_ERN3PBO=VQ>O=BH:U>&E>&:G; E>7RE>7UEG=VVEVEG
O=B>BO=VE>:NV:NO HBN3VS=:R=REPQ>&REH:G;=T RE>H:;=;=E>CFE;=EV VZV QM V:H REG PQ=>REH:G;=T8RE>*:
PH;=E CFWHVE HBN3VE>XOIBG PQ=>S=EGVEN N3E P&:;=<> )]b7EGGE O=B>BO=VE>&:N3V:NO=E HBN3VPQ
r-
REH:G; _B> N3WHERENF:O=O=E :GRU=;;=EV:N:; GQ;=EG O=QGNE>S=BV:NCFE NQC REGT RE> E>
CFER :7@A NYPQ>&R=EH:G;=b 7EGGE`PQ>&NO=EH NO=BH!:REEHV!NEV ;=:S=EDN:; <RNHB; : GQ;=EV
_3E>EYM=B>&V:EHHEYN3:O=OIE>_ERNPBO=VQ=>E>!PQ=>!HBN3VS=ER`O=BH:U=>E>&:G;=EG`BP!S=Q>VGQ=>CFPQ>CFBVT
EGRFREC RE> P&Q>ENO=>&:S=EN : 7@ b GF<=GRE>&N;=EHN3E BP!REYV>E C HHE>TRE> :GR;=W> :
RBVB;=><GR=HB;=EV7PQ>FGZ>S=Z>EGRE M>Q-EO=VT S=:NE> BVJNBCFCFE N:OO=E>_ERNG=:S=EB< S=:H
QMGWN S=ER REN:;=G U=BN3E>&EVYM=W S=Q>`O=B>BO=VE>&:N3V:NO=E HBN3VPQ=>REH:G; NQC S=ER REN:;=G
UBNE>EVMW HBN3VPQ=>REH:G;=EG : 7@T!RE>&NQC S=:U><;=E>XHBN3VP&BO=VQ>EG P&>B7@
Q; CF<HV:M=H:
E>E>YR=EG CFER EG PBO=VQ=> MW
Bb b ]b b 7EGGE S=Z>R=: E>YBV*UEV>B;=VE
NQC EVNOGT EPVE>&N3QC REG E>YU=BNE>EV*MW <G=RE>&N;=EHN3E>XPQ>YO=<G V>E S=:GRC HHE>b
7EV GQ=VE>&ENT BV R=EG CF:GRNVEDS=Z>R: BPP&BO=VQ>EG PWN7PQ=>REG CF:GRN3VEDBPR=E <GRE
r-
N;=VE7S=:GRC HHE>T Q=;FREGDNV=>N3VE7S=Z>R: PWNPQ=> REGDN3V>N3VE BPC HHE>GEb7EG O=>B
f-
V:;=E O=QGNE>S=BV:NCFET*RE>7NWHEREN NEN :G=Q>CFEGN NMEO=V><C NO=BHNEND:H=NEVBPTBV
NMEO=V>EV ;=:S=EN NQC EG CF<H:;=_ERTNQC O=<G ;=ZHRE>FQM V:H C >QVQ=>R:BCFEVE>b
7EGGE R=:BCFEVE>E>BHVPQ=>H:HHE : PQ=>_Q=HR V:H RE BO=V<EHHEJCFE;=EV NV=>>&EJC HHE>: R=B;
NWS=EH NQC : PQ=>_Q=HR V:H*RE V>E <GRE>N;=VE C HHE>b?>&<;=EG BP7G=Q>CFEGNDHBNVNME
k-
V><C PQ> R=E7N3V>&>E >&QVQ=>E>TaRE> :GR;=W> :8GZ >S=Z>EGRE7M=>Q-EO=VTa:GREUZ>&E> EGDEO=NV>
a-
MQHBV:Q=G4<RQS=E> R=EVFQ=M>&:GREH:;=E ;=HR:;=_ERNQCF>WRET Q;";=HR:;=_EREG4PQ> S=Q>E
Usikkerhedskilde Ækvivalent
5-
rne
@8VBV:N3V:NOJ<N:O=O=E>_ER`NQCKNO=HREN*UE;=>ZGNEREXHBN
tdata γ f =1.00
D QREH<N3:O=O=E>_ER NQC NO=HRENDU>&<; BP7:R=EBH:N3E>&EV;=EG
e-
>:NOJPQ=>R
elingsmodel
γ f =1.00 *
*
γ f
!"#$
%&
'
&
()* +),- . /0123 "/456 7 8
lastfor-
3 91 : 3;<.. $$
rne.
BU=EH')] 7N:O=O=E>_ERE> >EM=>ZNEG=VE>EV:aHBN3VCFQREH