adaptive folding matrix// origami tesselated folds
EMPIRICAL STUDIES Test series
xp1 - shape studies
xp2 - materialisation studies xp3 - self-actuation studies Bibliography
THE STRUCTURE OF THE THESIS
The PhD project realised knowledge production based on a palette of methods to describe, test and evaluate the performance benefits.
The set-up and approach behind the investigations are founded in the syncretism of two distinctive fields, which are informing each other: dynamic, climate-responsive behaviour and origami technology.
The discipline of folding acts as a ‘toolbox’ to unfold performances of dynamic behaviour.
The dissertation consists of 4 major parts: Foundation, fields, testing and synthesis & discussions. A supplementary preface in the beginning [including summary and index] and the literature references at the end structure thedissertation. The individual results and documentation of the test series are gathered as the appendix in a separate book.
[I] An introduction founds folding as the investigated principle of dynamic behaviour aimed at applications of climate-responsive behaviour.
The topic of folding as the elemental principle is unfolded to achieve dynamic performance, and the framework is introduced with the three aspects to conduct the investigations: shape, materialisation and kinematics. Folded state-of-the-art references from architecture as well as drivers for the development and study are introduced, leading to the Hypothesis, RQ. The approach concerning knowledge production is laid out in the methodology chapter, describing the eclectic strategy, the means [tools] of Research-through-Design as well as the empiric-analytical methods.
[II]
Origami technology is introduced as a field of operation to develop materialised folds. A series of paper folds are studied with the objective of enhancing the performance of kinematic screens. They are systematically linked to references and performance aspects of biomimicry, design and architecture.
A second part contains the concept and studies on thickfolds. A solution of a thickfold is presented, which preserves the kinematic ability in its design. Variations of a specifically selected, multi-tessellated fold are materialised and tested.
[III]
The three main test series of experiments are individually laid out and evaluated. The experiments contain tests on performance regarding shape change, materialisation and self-actuation of thickfolds.
[IV]
Synthesis and discussion conclude the final part of the thesis. The results are analysed, contextualised and critically reflected. Perspectives for future applications are discussed.
perspectives
performance through thickfolds
introduction
the principle of folding + climate-responsive behaviour
performance / dynamic aspects of folding / references in architecture the drivers for development and study
Torsten Sack-Nielsen_mindmap 170120
methodology
syncretism between climate-responsive behaviour and origami technology
selected methods of RtD and empirical test series to investigate potentials of enhanced performances of thickfolds
performance through folding
contextualizing the field of folding [origami]
testseries
testing performances of thickfolds
synthesis + discussion
written structure of the PhD project
shape materialisation kinematics
own experiences performance
aspects
concept and explorative studies about a thick, rigid foldable structure, gathering topics of a centered flexible layer and investigations on kinematic and structural behaviour.
references in matrix
fig.2.1
The structure of the thesis
Paper fold studies
02 overview applied research methods
Paper fold samples (53x) Literature review
Thickfold modelling
Literature and architecture references, websites
Virtual, dynamic computa-tional model of a thickfold.
124 situations for solar irradiation through the year were conducted
Climate laboratory:
2 climate chambers within a conditioned space.
31 samples of textiles mem-branes for distinct variables are tested
Laboratory: physical test setup with a heat source.
54 identical samples of ther-mo-sensitive material with lasered cut patterns applied
Hands-on approach with sketch models.
Referencing to folded morphologies and cli-mate-adaptive perfor-mances in nature (1) Hands-on approach with sketch models. simulations for solar irradiation on the surface
Monitoring and meas-uring physically the evaporative cooling effect
in the climate cham-bers caused by humidi-fied textiles
Monitoring physically thermo-sensitive be-haviour
and differences for the applied diverse patterns
Physical models. A matrix linking up per-formance and taxonomy of related types of folds in other fields
Physical sketch models (1). 3D computational model of dynamic movement. Results on stress forces, quantitative and visually. (2)
Mapping the field, state-of-the-art, contextualizing the contribution
Quantative data collection from the simulation as well as graphical visualization/ comparative analysis
Quantitative data collection from temperature and hu-midity measurements
Photo and video documen-tation + evaluation Indications of the influence of patterns on the kinemat-ic behaviour the process of mak-ing’ in combination with performance references from nature and design Studies of design and the physical models (1) Collected data (2) compared to gained knowledge of (1)
version 1.3 / 170110
Setup Approach Results
Fold references contextu-alized from product design and architecture Literature references
Kinematic and structural simulations confirmed indi-cations of physical model
Peer-reviewed papers and books, original sources of architects, designers and companies
Comparison with an alterna-tive simulation program
2 identical climate chambers were measured parallel for temperature and humidity.
One CC was used for refer-ence values without mois-ture
Indications on tendencies can be identified through the large amount of test series
Identical setup and pro-cedure should garantuee comparable results between each of the sam-ples. Documentation both on video and as pictures
Validation Research
Ability to provide the kinematic function with a thickness
Placing own work and contributions in the field