Table 44 CH4 emission factors and references 2002.
)XHO LSFFBLG 61$3BLG (PLVVLRQ
IDFWRU>J*-@ 5HIHUHQFH
COAL 1A1a 010101, 010102, 010103 1,5 EMEP/Corinair 2003
COAL 1A1a, 1A2f, 1A4b,
1A4c
010202, 010203, 0301, 0202, 0203
15 EMEP/Corinair 2003
BROWN COAL BRI. all all 15 EMEP/Corinair 2003, assuming same
emission factor as for coal
COKE OVEN COKE all all 15 EMEP/Corinair 2003, assuming same
emission factor as for coal
PETROLEUM COKE all all 15 EMEP/Corinair 2003
WOOD AND SIMIL. 1A1a 010102, 010103, 010104 2 Nielsen & Illerup 2003
WOOD AND SIMIL. 1A4b 0202 200 EMEP/Corinair 2003
WOOD AND SIMIL. 1A1a, 1A2f, 1A4a, 1A4c
all other 32 EMEP/Corinair 2003
MUNICIP. WASTES 1A1a 010102, 010103, 010104, 010105
0,59 Nielsen & Illerup 2003
MUNICIP. WASTES 1A1a, 1A2f, 1A4a all other 6 EMEP/Corinair 2003
STRAW 1A1a 010102, 010103 0,5 Nielsen & Illerup 2003
STRAW 1A1a, 1A2f 010202, 010203, 030102,
030105
32 EMEP/Corinair 2003
STRAW 1A4a, 1A4b, 1A4c 0201, 0202, 0203, 020302 200 EMEP/Corinair 2003
RESIDUAL OIL all all 3 EMEP/Corinair 2003
GAS OIL all all 1,5 EMEP/Corinair 2003
KEROSENE all all 7 EMEP/Corinair 2003
FISH & RAPE OIL 1A1a 010203 32 EMEP/Corinair 2003, assuming same
emission factor as straw
FISH & RAPE OIL 1A2f 030105 32 EMEP/Corinair 2003, assuming same
emission factor as straw
FISH & RAPE OIL 1A4c 020304 200 EMEP/Corinair 2003, assuming same
emission factor as straw
ORIMULSION 1A1a 010101 3 EMEP/Corinair 2003, assuming same
emission factor as residual oil
NATURAL GAS 1A1a 0101, 010101, 010102,
010202
6 DGC 2001
NATURAL GAS 1A1a 010103, 010203 15 Gruijthuijsen & Jensen 2000
NATURAL GAS 1A1a, 1Ab, 1Ac, 1A2f, 1A4a, 1A4c
Gas turbines: 010104, 010304, 010504, 030104, 020104, 020303
1,5 Nielsen & Illerup 2003
NATURAL GAS 1A1a, 1A1c, 1A2f, 1A4a, 1A4b, 1A4c
Gas engines: 010105, 010405, 010505, 030105, 020105, 020204, 020304
520 Nielsen & Illerup 2003
NATURAL GAS 1A1c, 1A2f, 1A4a, 1A4b, 1A4c
010502, 0301, 0201, 0202, 0203
6 DGC 2001
NATURAL GAS 1A2f, 1A4a, 1A4b 030103, 030106, 020103, 020202
15 Gruijthuijsen & Jensen 2000
LPG all all 1 EMEP/Corinair 2003
REFINERY GAS 1A1b 010303, 010304 2 EMEP/Corinair 2003
BIOGAS 1A1a, 1A1c, 1A2f, 1A4a, 1A4c
Gas engines: 010105, 010405, 010505, 030105, 020105, 020304
323 Nielsen & Illerup 2003
BIOGAS 1A1a, 1A2f, 1A4a,
1A4c
all other 4 EMEP/Corinair 2003
Time-series for CH4 emission factors for gas engines are shown below. All other CH4 emission fac-tors are the same for 1990-2002.
Table 45 CH4 emission factors, time-series.
<HDU
NATURAL GAS 1A1a, 1A1c, 1A2f, 1A4a, 1A4b, 1A4c
Gas engines:
010105, 010405, 010505, 030105, 020105, 020204, 020304
257 299 347 545 604 612 596 534 525 524 520 520 520
BIOGAS 1A1a,
1A1c, 1A2f, 1A4a, 1A4c
Gas engines:
010105, 010405, 010505, 030105, 020105, 020304
314 318 323 323 323
Table 46 N2O emission factors and references 2002.
)XHO LSFFBLG 61$3BLG (PLVVLRQ
IDFWRU>J*-@ 5HIHUHQFH
COAL all all 3 EMEP/Corinair 2003
BROWN COAL BRI. all all 3 EMEP/Corinair 2003
COKE OVEN COKE all all 3 EMEP/Corinair 2003
PETROLEUM COKE all all 3 EMEP/Corinair 2003
WOOD AND SIMIL. 1A1a 010102, 010103, 010104 0,8 Nielsen & Illerup 2003 WOOD AND SIMIL. 1A1a 010105, 010202, 010203,
010205
4 EMEP/Corinair 2003 WOOD AND SIMIL. 1A2f, 1A4a,
1A4b, 1A4c
all 4 EMEP/Corinair 2003
MUNICIP. WASTES 1A1a 010102, 010103, 010104, 010105
1,2 Nielsen & Illerup 2003
MUNICIP. WASTES 1A1a 010203 4 EMEP/Corinair 2003
MUNICIP. WASTES 1A2f, 1A4a 030102, 0201, 020103 4 EMEP/Corinair 2003
STRAW 1A1a 010102, 010103 1,4 Nielsen & Illerup 2003
STRAW 1A1a 010202, 010203 4 EMEP/Corinair 2003
STRAW 1A2f, 1A4a,
1A4b, 1A4c
all 4 EMEP/Corinair 2003
RESIDUAL OIL all all 2 EMEP/Corinair 2003
GAS OIL all all 2 EMEP/Corinair 2003
KEROSENE all all 2 EMEP/Corinair 2003
FISH & RAPE OIL all all 4 EMEP/Corinair 2003,
as-suming same emission factor as municipal waste
ORIMULSION 1A1a 010101 2 EMEP/Corinair 2003,
as-suming same emission factor as residual oil NATURAL GAS 1A1a 0101, 010101, 010102,
010103, 010202, 010203
1 EMEP/Corinair 2003 NATURAL GAS 1A1a, 1Ab,
1Ac, 1A2f, 1A4a, 1A4c
Gas turbines: 010104, 010304, 010504, 030104, 020104, 020303
2,2 Nielsen & Illerup 2003
NATURAL GAS 1A1a, 1A1c, 1A2f, 1A4a, 1A4b, 1A4c
Gas engines: 010105, 010405, 010505, 030105, 020105, 020204, 020304
1,3 Nielsen & Illerup 2003
NATURAL GAS 1A1c, 1A2f, 1A4a, 1A4b, 1A4c
010502, 0301, 030103, 030106, 0201, 020103, 0202, 020202, 0203
1 EMEP/Corinair 2003
LPG all all 2 EMEP/Corinair 2003
REFINERY GAS all all 2 EMEP/Corinair 2003
BIOGAS 1A1a 010102, 010103, 010203 2 EMEP/Corinair 2003
BIOGAS 1A1a, 1A1c,
1A2f, 1A4a, 1A4c
010105, 010405, 010505, 030105, 020105, 020304
0,5 Nielsen & Illerup 2003
BIOGAS 1A2f, 1A4a,
1A4c
0301, 030102, 0201, 020103, 0203
2 EMEP/Corinair 2003
The same N2O emission factors are applied for 1990-2002
Table 47 SO2, NOX, NMVOC and CO emission factors and references 2002.
)XHO ,3&&VHFWRU 61$3 62
>J*-@ 5HI 12;
>J*-@ 5HI 1092
&
>J*-@
5HI &2
>J*-@ 5HI
COAL 1A1a 010101, 010102, 010103 18 9 1 3
COAL 1A1a, 1A2f, 1A4b,
1A4c
010202, 010203, 0301, 0202, 0203
19 4 1 1
BROWN COAL BRI. 1A4b 0202 29 29 29 29
COKE OVEN COKE 1A2f, 1A4b 0301, 0202 29 29 29 29
PETROLEUM COKE 1A2f 0301 20 1 1 4
PETROLEUM COKE 1A4a, 1A4b, 1A4c 0201, 0202, 0203 20 1 1 1
WOOD AND SIMIL. 1A1a 010102, 010103, 010104 31 31 31 31
WOOD AND SIMIL. 1A1a 010105 22, 21 22, 21, 4 1 3
WOOD AND SIMIL. 1A1a, 1A2f 010202, 010203, 010205,
0301, 030102, 030103 22, 21 22, 21, 4 1 4
WOOD AND SIMIL. 1A4a, 1A4c 0201, 020105, 0203 22, 21 22, 21, 4 1 4
WOOD AND SIMIL. 1A4b 0202 22, 21 22 1, 32 12,
13 MUNICIP. WASTES 1A1a 010102, 010103, 010104,
010105
31 31 31 31 MUNICIP. WASTES 1A1a, 1A2f, 1A4a 010203, 030102, 0201,
020103 9 9 1 9
STRAW 1A1a 010102, 010103 31 31 31 31
STRAW 1A1a, 1A2f 010202, 010203, 030102,
030105
5 4, 28 1 4, 5
STRAW 1A4a, 1A4c 0201, 0203, 020302 5 4, 28 1 4, 5
STRAW 1A4b 0202 5 4, 28 1 1, 6,
7 RESIDUAL OIL 1A1a 0101, 010101, 010102,
010103, 010104 9 18 1 3
RESIDUAL OIL 1A1a, 1A4b, 1A4c 010202, 010203, 0201, 0202, 0203, 020302
25, 10, 24 4 1 1
RESIDUAL OIL 1A2f 0301, 030102, 030103 25, 10, 24 28 1 1
RESIDUAL OIL 1A2f 030104 25, 10, 24 28 1 1
RESIDUAL OIL 1A2f 030105 25, 10, 24 28 1 1
RESIDUAL OIL 1A4a, 1A4c 020105, 020304 25, 10, 24 4 1 1
GAS OIL 1A1a 0101, 010101, 010102,
010103
27 9 1 3 GAS OIL 1A1a, 1A2f Gas turbines: 010104,
030104 27 9 1 3
GAS OIL 1A1a, 1A1c, 1A2f, 1A4a, 1A4c
Engines: 010105, 010205, 010505, 030105, 020105, 020304
27 - 1 1
GAS OIL 1A1a, 1A2f 010202, 0301, 030102 27 28 1 1
GAS OIL 1A1a, 1A2f 010203, 030103, 030106 27 4 1 1
GAS OIL 1A4a, 1A4c 0201, 020103, 0203 27 4 1 1
GAS OIL 1A4b 0202 27 4 1 1
KEROSENE all all 30 1 1 1
FISH & RAPE OIL 1A1a 010203 15 15 15 15
FISH & RAPE OIL 1A2f 030105 15 15 15 15
FISH & RAPE OIL 1A4c 020304 15 15 15 15
ORIMULSION 1A1a 010101 9 9 16 16
NATURAL GAS 1A1a 0101, 010101, 010102,
010103 17 9 14 3
NATURAL GAS 1A1a, 1A1b, 1A1c, 1A2f, 1A4a, 1A4c
Gas turbines: 010104, 010304, 010504, 030104, 020104, 020303
17 31 31 31
NATURAL GAS 1A1a, 1A1c, 1A2f, 1A4a, 1A4b, 1A4c
Gas engines: 010105, 010405, 010505, 030105, 020105, 020204, 020304
17 31 31 31
NATURAL GAS 1A1a, 1A2f 010202, 010203, 0301, 030103, 030106
17 4 14 4
NATURAL GAS 1A1c 010502 17 1, 8, 32 14 4
NATURAL GAS 1A4a, 1A4c 0201, 020103, 0203 17 1, 4, 11 14 4
NATURAL GAS 1A4b 0202, 020202 17 1, 4, 11 11 11
LPG 1A1a, 1A2f 010203, 0301, 030106 - 32 1 1
LPG 1A4a, 1A4c 0201, 0203 - 32 1 1
LPG 1A4b 0202 - 32 1 1
REFINERY GAS 1A1b 010303 23 1 1 1
REFINERY GAS 1A1b 010304 23 9 1 1
BIOGAS 1A1a, 1A2f, 1A4a,
1A4c
010102, 010103, 010203,
0301, 0201, 020103, 0203 26 4 1 4
BIOGAS 1A1a, 1A1c, 1A2f, 1A4a, 1A4c
Gas engines: 010105, 010405, 010505, 030105, 020105, 020304
31 31 31 31
BIOGAS 1A2f 030102 26 1 4
1. Emission Inventory Guidebook 3rd edition, prepared by the UNECE/EMEP Task Force on Emissions Inventories and Projections, 2003 update. Avail-able on the Internet at http://reports.eea.eu.int/EMEPCORINAIR4/en (13-05-2004)
2.
-3. Sander, B. 2002. Elsam, personal communication, e-mail 17-05-2002
4. Miljøstyrelsen, 2001. Luftvejledningen, Begrænsning af luftforurening fra virksomheder, Vejledning fra Miljøstyrelsen Nr. 2 2001 (Danish legislation) 5. Nikolaisen L., Nielsen C., Larsen M.G., Nielsen V. Zielke U., Kristensen J.K. & Holm-Christensen B. 1998 Halm til energiformål, Teknik – Miljø –
Økonomi, 2. udgave, 1998, Videncenter for halm og flisfyring (In Danish)
6. Jensen L. & Nielsen P.A. 1990. Emissioner fra halm- og flisfyr, dk-Teknik & Levnedsmiddelstyrelsen 1990 (In Danish) 7. Bjerrum M., 2002. Danish Technological Institute, personal communication 09-10-2002
8. Kristensen, P. (2004) Danish Gas Technology Centre, e-mail 31-03-2004
9. NERI calculation based on annual environmental reports of Danish plants year 2000 10. Risø National Laboratory home page - http://www.risoe.dk/sys/esy/emiss_e/emf25082000.xls
11. Gruijthuijsen L.v. & Jensen J.K., 2000. Energi- og miljøoversigt, Danish Gas Technology Centre 2000 (In Danish)
12. Dyrnum O., Warnøe K., Manscher O., Vikelsøe J., Grove A.., Hansen K.J., Nielsen P.A., Madsen H. 1990, Miljøprojekt 149/1990 Emissionsunder-søgelse for pejse og brændeovne, Miljøstyrelsen (In Danish)
13. Hansen K.J., Vikelsøe J., Madsen H. 1994, Miljøprojekt 249/1994 Emissioner af dioxiner fra pejse og brændeovne, Miljøstyrelsen (In Danish) 14. Danish Gas Technology Centre 2001, Naturgas – Energi og miljø (In Danish)
15. Same emission factors as for straw is assumed (NERI assumption) 16. Same emission factors as residual oil assumed (NERI assumption) 17. NERI calculation based on S content of natural gas 6mg(S)/mn3
gas. The S content refers to the Danish natural gas transmission company Gastra (http://www.gastra.dk/dk/index.asp)
18. Estimated by NERI based on 2002 data reported by the plant owners to the electricity transmission companies and the Danish Energy Authority. NERI calculations are based on data forwarded by the Danish Energy Authority: Nielsen M. 2003. Energistyrelsen, personal communication, letter 07-08-2003.
19. NERI calculation based on a sulphur content of 0,8% and a retention of sulphur in ash of 5%. The sulphur content has been assumed just below the limit value of 0,9% (reference no. 24)
20. NERI calculation based on a sulphur content of 1% (reference no. 24) and a retention of sulphur in ash of 10%.
21. Christiansen, B.H., Evald, A., Baadsgaard-Jensen, J. Bülow, K. 1997. Fyring med biomassebaserede restprodukter, Miljøprojekt nr. 358, 1997, Mil-jøstyrelsen
22. Serup H., Falster H., Gamborg C., Gundersen P., Hansen L. Heding N., Jacobsen H.H., Kofman P., Nikolaisen L., Thomsen I.M. 1999. Træ til energi-formål, Teknik – Miljø – Økonomi, 2. udgave, 1999, Videncenter for halm og flisfyring (In Danish)
23. Same emission factor as for natural gas assumed (NERI assumption)
24. Miljøstyrelsen, 2001.Bekendtgørelseom begrænsning af svovlindholdet i visse flydende og faste brændstoffer, Bekendtgørelse 532 af 25/05/2001 (Danish legislation)
25. NERI calculation based on a sulphur content of 0,7%. The sulhpur content refer to product data from Shell and Statoil available at the internet at:
http://www.statoil.dk/mar/svg01185.nsf/fs/erhverv-produkt (13-05-2004)
26. NERI calculation based on a H2S content of 200 ppm. 7KH1(5,FDOFXODWLRQLVQRWFRUUHFW±WKHHPLVVLRQIDFWRUVKRXOGKDYHEHHQJ*-7KH FRUUHFWYDOXHZLOOEHDSSOLHGLQIXWXUHLQYHQWRULHV The H2S content refer to &KULVWLDQVHQ-3HUVRQDOFRPPXQLFDWLRQand to Hjort-Gregersen K., 1999 Centralised Biogas Plants, Danish Institute of Agricultural and Fisheries Economics, 1999
27. NERI calculation based on a sulphur content of 0,05% S. The sulphur content refers to Bilag 750, Kom 97/0105 (http://www.folketinget.dk/?/samling/20041/MENU/00000002.htm) and to product sheets from Q8, Shell and Statoil
28. Miljøstyrelsen 1990. Bekendtgørelse om begrænsning af emissioner af svovldioxid, kvælstofoxider og støv fra store fyringsanlæg, Bekendtgørelse 689 af 15/10/1990 (Danish legislation)
29. Same emission factor as for coal is assumed (NERI assumption)
30. Product sheet from Shell. Available on the internet at: http://www.shell.com/home/dk-da/html/iwgen/app_profile/app_products_0310_1510.html (13-05-2004)
31. Nielsen, M. & Illerup, J.B: 2003. Emissionsfaktorer og emissionsopgørelse for decentral kraftvarme. Eltra PSO projekt 3141. Kortlægning af emissioner fra decentrale kraftvarmeværker. Delrapport 6. Danmarks Miljøundersøgelser. 116 s. –Faglig rapport fra DMU nr. 442.(In Danish, whith an english summary). Available on the Internet at :http://www.dmu.dk/1_viden/2_Publikationer/3_fagrapporter/rapporter/FR442.pdf
32. Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories: Reference Manual, 1996. Available on the Internet at http://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/public/gl/invs6.htm (07-11-2003)
Time-series for emission factors for SO2, NOX, NMVOC and CO that are not the same in 1990-2002 are shown below. All other factors are constant in 1990-2002.
Table 48 SO2, NOX, NMVOC and CO emission factors time-series [g/GJ].
SROOXWDQW IXHO IXHOBJUBDEEU ,3&& 61$3
SO2 102 COAL 1A1a 010101,
010102, 010103
506 571 454 386 343 312 420 215 263 193 64 47 45
SO2 110 PETROLEUM COKE 1A2f, 1A4a, 1A4b, 1A4c
0301, 0201, 0202, 0203
745 745 745 745 745 745 745 745 745 745 745 573 573
SO2 114 MUNICIP. WASTES 1A1a 010102, 010103
116 95 73 52 30 25 23,9 23,9 23,9
SO2 114 MUNICIP. WASTES 1A1a, 1A2f, 1A4a
0102, 010203, 030102, 0201, 020103
138 131 124 117 110 103 95 88 81 74 67 67 67
SO2 203 RESIDUAL OIL 1A1a 0101 403 315 290
SO2 203 RESIDUAL OIL 1A1a 010101 369 403 315 290
SO2 203 RESIDUAL OIL 1A1a 010102 446 470 490 475 1564 351 369 403 315 290
SO2 203 RESIDUAL OIL 1A1a 010103 408 344 403 315 290
SO2 203 RESIDUAL OIL 1A1a 010104 403 315 290
SO2 203 RESIDUAL OIL 1A1a 0102 495 495 495 495 495 495 495 344
SO2 203 RESIDUAL OIL 1A1b 0103 5869 3021 2048 2155 495
SO2 203 RESIDUAL OIL 1A2f 1A4a 1A4b 1A4c
0301 0201 0202 0203
495 495 495 495 495 495 495 344 344 344 344 344 344
SO2 204 GAS OIL all all 94 94 94 94 94 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23
SO2 225 ORIMULSION 1A1a 010101 147 149 10 12
NOx 102 COAL 1A1a 010101 342 384 294 289 267 239 250 200 177 152 129 122 130
NOx 102 COAL 1A1a 010102 342 384 294 289 267 239 250 200 177 152 129 122 130
NOx 102 COAL 1A1a 010103 200 200 177 152 129 122 130
NOx 102 COAL 1A1a 010203 200 200 95 95 95
NOx 102 COAL 1A2f 0301 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 95 95 95
NOx 102 COAL 1A4b 0202 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 95 95 95
NOx 102 COAL 1A4c 0203 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 95 95 95
NOx 203 RESIDUAL OIL 1A1a 0101 129 122 130
NOx 203 RESIDUAL OIL 1A1a 010101 152 129 122 130
NOx 203 RESIDUAL OIL 1A1a 010102 342 384 294 289 267 239 152 129 122 130
NOx 203 RESIDUAL OIL 1A1a 010103 250 200 129 122 130
NOx 203 RESIDUAL OIL 1A1a 010104 129 122 130
NOx 204 GAS OIL 1A1a 0102 100 95 90 85 52 52 52 52
NOx 204 GAS OIL 1A1b 0103 95 90 85 80 75
NOx 204 GAS OIL 1A2f 0301 100 95 90 85 52 52 70 65 65 65 65 65 65
NOx 225 ORIMULSION 1A1a 010101 139 138 88 86
NOx 301 NATURAL GAS 1A1a 010104 161 157 153 149 145 141 134 131 127 124 124 124
NOx 301 NATURAL GAS 1A1a 010105 276 241 235 214 199 194 193 170 167 167 168 168 168
NOx 301 NATURAL GAS 1A1c 010504 161 157 153 149 145 141 138 134 131 127 124 124 124
NOx 301 NATURAL GAS 1A1c 010505 276 241 235 214 199 194 193 170 167 167 168 168 168
NOx 301 NATURAL GAS 1A2f 030104 161 145 141 138 134 131 127 124 124 124
NOx 301 NATURAL GAS 1A2f 030105 276 241 235 214 199 194 193 170 167 167 168 168 168
NOx 301 NATURAL GAS 1A4a 020104 157 145 141 138 134 131 127 124 124 124
NOx 301 NATURAL GAS 1A4a 020105 276 241 235 214 199 194 193 170 167 167 168 168 168
NOx 301 NATURAL GAS 1A4b 020204 276 241 235 214 199 194 193 170 167 167 168 168 168
NOx 301 NATURAL GAS 1A4c 020303 141 138 134 131 127 124 124 124
NOx 301 NATURAL GAS 1A4c 020304 276 241 235 214 199 194 193 170 167 167 168 168 168
NOx 309 BIOGAS 1A1a 010105 578 559 540 540 540
NOx 309 BIOGAS 1A1c 010505 559 540 540 540
NOx 309 BIOGAS 1A2f 030105 578 559 540 540 540
NOx 309 BIOGAS 1A4a 020105 578 559 540 540 540
NOx 309 BIOGAS 1A4c 020304 578 559 540 540 540
NMVOC 301 NATURAL GAS 1A1a 010105 58 67 78 122 136 137 134 120 118 118 117 117 117
NMVOC 301 NATURAL GAS 1A1c 010505 58 67 78 122 136 137 134 120 118 118 117 117 117
NMVOC 301 NATURAL GAS 1A2f 030105 58 67 78 122 136 137 134 120 118 118 117 117 117
NMVOC 301 NATURAL GAS 1A4a 020105 58 67 78 122 136 137 134 120 118 118 117 117 117
NMVOC 301 NATURAL GAS 1A4b 020204 58 67 78 122 136 137 134 120 118 118 117 117 117
NMVOC 301 NATURAL GAS 1A4c 020304 58 67 78 122 136 137 134 120 118 118 117 117 117
CO 111 WOOD AND SIMIL. 1A1a 0102 400 373 347 320 293 267 240 240
CO 111 WOOD AND SIMIL. 1A2f 0301 400 373 347 320 293 267 240 240 240 240 240 240 240
CO 111 WOOD AND SIMIL. 1A4a 0201 400 373 347 320 293 267 240 240 240 240 240 240 240
CO 111 WOOD AND SIMIL. 1A4c 0203 400 373 347 320 293 267 240 240 240 240 240 240 240
CO 114 MUNICIP. WASTES 1A1a 010102 85 70 55 40 25 10 7,4 7,4 7,4
CO 114 MUNICIP. WASTES 1A1a 010103 10 10 10 10 7,4 7,4 7,4
CO 114 MUNICIP. WASTES 1A1a 0102 100 85 70 55 40 25 10 10
CO 114 MUNICIP. WASTES 1A4a 0201 100 85 70 55 40 25 10 10 10 10 10 10 10
CO 117 STRAW 1A1a 0102 600 554 508 463 417 371 325 325
CO 117 STRAW 1A4b 0202 8500 8500 8500 8500 8500 7500 6500 5500 4500 4000 4000 4000 4000
CO 117 STRAW 1A4c 0203 600 554 508 463 417 371 325 325 325 325 325 325 325
CO 301 NATURAL GAS 1A1a 010105 181 202 203 217 216 212 211 174 174 174 175 175 175
CO 301 NATURAL GAS 1A1c 010505 181 202 203 217 216 212 211 174 174 174 175 175 175
CO 301 NATURAL GAS 1A2f 030105 181 202 203 217 216 212 211 174 174 174 175 175 175
CO 301 NATURAL GAS 1A4a 020105 181 202 203 217 216 212 211 174 174 174 175 175 175
CO 301 NATURAL GAS 1A4b 020204 181 202 203 217 216 212 211 174 174 174 175 175 175
CO 301 NATURAL GAS 1A4c 020304 181 202 203 217 216 212 211 174 174 174 175 175 175
CO 309 BIOGAS 1A1a 010105 265 269 273 273 273
CO 309 BIOGAS 1A1c 010505 269 273 273 273
CO 309 BIOGAS 1A2f 030105 265 269 273 273 273
CO 309 BIOGAS 1A4a 020105 265 269 273 273 273
CO 309 BIOGAS 1A4c 020304 265 269 273 273 273
Table 49 PM emission factors and references 2002.
)XHO ,3&&VHFWRU 61$3 763
>J*-@ 5HIHUHQFH 30
>J*-@ 5HIHUHQFH 30
>J*-@ 5HIHUHQFH
STRAW 1A1a 010102, 010103 3 3 3
STRAW 1A1a, 1A2f, 1A4a,
1A4c
010202, 010203, 030102, 030105,
0201, 0203, 020302 1 2 2
STRAW 1A4b 0202 4 5 5
BIOGAS 1A1a, 1A1c, 1A2f,
1A4a, 1A4c
Gas engines: 010105, 010405, 010505, 030105, 020105, 020304
3 3 3
BIOGAS 1A1a, 1A2f, 1A4a,
1A4c
010102, 010103, 010203, 0301,
030102, 0201, 020103, 0203 6 7 7
FISH & RAPE OIL 1A1a, 1A4c 010203, 020304 15 15 15
FISH & RAPE OIL 1A2f 030105 8 8 8
BROWN COAL BRI. all all 16 16 16
COKE OV.COKE all all 16 16 16
GAS OIL all all 9 9 9
KEROSENE all all 9 9 9
LPG all all 9 9 9
MUNICIP. WASTES 1A1a 010102, 010103, 010104, 010105 3 3 3
MUNICIP. WASTES 1A1a, 1A2f 010203, 030102 10 11 11
MUNICIP. WASTES 1A4a 0201, 020103 9 9 9
NATURAL GAS 1A1a, 1A1c, 1A2f, 1A4a, 1A4b, 1A4c
0101, 010101, 010102, 010103, 010202, 010203, 010502, 0301, 030103, 030106, 0201, 020103, 0202, 020202, 0203
9 9 9
NATURAL GAS 1A1a, 1A1b, 1A1c, 1A2f, 1A4a, 1A4c
Gas turbines: 010104, 010304, 010504, 030104, 020104, 020303
3 3 3 NATURAL GAS 1A1a, 1A1c, 1A2f,
1A4a, 1A4b, 1A4c
Gas engines: 010105, 010405, 010505, 030105, 020105, 020204, 020304
3 3 3
ORIMULSION 1A1a 010101 12 12 12
PETROLEUM COKE 1A2f 0301 9 9 9
PETROLEUM COKE 1A4a, 1A4b, 1A4c 0201, 0202, 0203 9 9 9
REFINERY GAS all all 9 9 9
RESIDUAL OIL 1A1a 0101, 010101, 010102, 010103,
010104, 010202, 010203 9 9 9
RESIDUAL OIL 1A1b 010303 9 9 9
RESIDUAL OIL 1A2f, 1A4a 0301, 030102, 030103, 030104, 030105, 0201
6 13 13
RESIDUAL OIL 1A4a, 1A4c Engines: 020105, 020304 9 9 9
RESIDUAL OIL 1A4b, 1A4c 0202, 0203, 020302 6 13 13
COAL 1A1a 010101, 010102, 010103 12 12 12
COAL 1A1a 010202, 010203 9 9 9
COAL 1A2f, 1A4b, 1A4c 0301, 0202, 0203 6 14 14
WOOD AND SIMIL. 1A1a 010102, 010103, 010104 3 3 3
WOOD AND SIMIL. 1A1a, 1A2f 010105, 010202, 010202, 010203, 010205, 0301, 030102, 030103
1 2 2
WOOD AND SIMIL. 1A4a, 1A4c 0201, 020105, 0203 1 9 9
WOOD AND SIMIL. 1A4b 0202 9 9 9
1. Danish legislation, Miljøstyrelsen 2001. Luftvejledningen, Begrænsning af luftforurening fra virksomheder, Vejledning fra Miljøstyrelsen nr 2 2001 2. Particulate size distribution for wood combustion in power plants refers to the TNO CEPMEIP emission factor database 2001. Available on the
inter-net at: http://www.air.sk/tno/cepmeip/
3. Nielsen, M. & Illerup, J.B: 2003. Emissionsfaktorer og emissionsopgørelse for decentral kraftvarme. Eltra PSO projekt 3141. Kortlægning af emis-sioner fra decentrale kraftvarmeværker. Delrapport 6. Danmarks Miljøundersøgelser. 116 s. –Faglig rapport fra DMU nr. 442.(In Danish, whith an english summary). Available on the Internet at :http://www.dmu.dk/1_viden/2_Publikationer/3_fagrapporter/rapporter/FR442.pdf
4. German, L., 2002. The Danish Technological Institute, Personal communication, rough estimate
5. Particulate size distribution for wood combustion in residential plants refers to the TNO CEPMEIP emission factor database 2001. Available on the internet at: http://www.air.sk/tno/cepmeip/
6. Danish legislation. Miljøstyrelsen 1990, Bekendtgørelse 689, 15/10/1990, Bekendtgørelse om begrænsning af emissioner af svovldioxid, kvælstofoxi-der og støv fra store fyringsanlæg. (and Bekendtgørelse 518/1995)
7. All TSP emission is assumed to be <2,5µm (NERI assumption) 8. Same emission factor as for straw is assumed (NERI assumption)
9. The TNO CEPMEIP emission factor database 2001. Available on the internet at: http://www.air.sk/tno/cepmeip/
10. Implied emission factor calculation based on annual environmental reports of a large number of municipal waste incineration plants, 2000 11. Particulate size distribution is unknown. The PM10 fraction is assumed to equal 85% of TSP and the PM2.5 fraction is assumed to equal 70% of TSP
(NERI assumption)
12. Livbjerg, H. Thellefsen, M. Sander, B. Simonsen, P., Lund, C., Poulsen, K.& Fogh, C.L., 2001. Feltstudier af Forbrændingsaerosoler, EFP -98 Projekt, Aerosollaboratoriet DTU, FLS Miljø, Forskningscenter Risø, Elsam, Energi E2 (in Danish)
13. Particulate size distribution for residual oil combustion refers to the TNO CEPMEIP emission factor database 2001. Available on the internet at:
http://www.air.sk/tno/cepmeip/
14. Particulate size distribution for coal combustion refers to the TNO CEPMEIP emission factor database 2001. Available on the internet at:
http://www.air.sk/tno/cepmeip/
15. Error. Assuming same emission factors as for straw the emission factors should have been TSP: 21g/GJ, PM10: 15 g/GJ and PM2.5: 12 g/GJ. The error is negligible.
16. Same emission factor as for coal is assumed (NERI assumption)
The same PM emission factors are applied for 2000-2002.
Table 50 HM emission factors and references 2002.
)XHO ,3&&
VHFWRU
61$3 $V
>PJ
*-@
5HIHU HQFH &G
>PJ
*-@
5HIHU HQFH &U
>PJ
*-@
5HIHU HQFH &X
>PJ
*-@
5HIHU HQFH +J
>PJ
*-@
5HIHU HQFH 1L
>PJ
*-@
5HIHU HQFH 3E
>PJ
*-@
5HIHU HQFH 6H
>PJ
*-@
5HIHU HQFH =Q
>PJ
*-@
5HIHU HQFH BROWN COAL
BRI.
1A4b 0202 3,2 1 0,1 1 2,3 1 3,1 1 1,7 1 4,4 1 6 1 0,5 1 10,5 1
COAL all all 3,2 1 0,1 1 2,3 1 3,1 1 1,7 1 4,4 1 6 1 0,5 1 10,5 1
COKE OV.COKE all all 3,2 1 0,1 1 2,3 1 3,1 1 1,7 1 4,4 1 6 1 0,5 1 10,5 1
FISH & RAPE OIL all all 0,62 1 0,62 1 1,06 1 6,8 1 0,53 1 3,22 1 8,39 1
GAS OIL all all 1,17 1 0,23 1 0,94 1 1,17 1 1,17 1 0,64 1 2,34 1 4,68 1 11,7 1
MUNICIP.
WASTES
1A1a 010102, 010103, 010104, 010105
6,74 2 4,73 2 2,43 2 10,03 2 7,39 2 4,71 2 123 2 359,5 1
MUNICIP.
WASTES
1A1a 1A2f 1A4a
010203, 030102, 0201, 020103
3,53 1 9,21 1 32,97 1 31,8 1 58,7 1 55,4 1 137,5
7
1 359,5 1
ORIMULSION 1A1a 010101 14,07 1 13,5 1 33,33 1 12,96 1 4,3 1 642 1 23,46 1 12,3 1 2,72 1
PETROLEUM COKE
all all 3,2 1 0,1 1 2,3 1 3,1 1 1,7 1 4,4 1 6 1 0,5 1 10,5 1
RESIDUAL OIL all all 14,07 1 13,5 1 33,33 1 12,96 1 4,3 1 642 1 23,46 1 12,3 1 2,72 1
STRAW 1A1a 010102,
010103
2 2 0,72 2 1,52 2 1,66 2 0,53 2 1,62 2 6,12 2 8,39 1
STRAW 1A1a,
1A2f, 1A4a, 1A4b, 1A4c
010202, 010203, 030102, 030105, 0201, 0202, 0203, 020302
0,62 1 0,62 1 1,06 1 6,8 1 0,53 1 3,22 1 8,39 1
WOOD AND SIMIL.
1A1a 010102, 010103, 010104
2,34 2 0,9 2 2,34 2 2,6 2 0,72 2 2,34 2 3,62 2 136 1
WOOD AND SIMIL.
1A1a 1A2f 1A4a 1A4b 1A4c
010105 010202 010203 010205 0301 030102 030103 0201 020105 0202 0203
6,8 1 6,8 1 6,8 1 3,4 1 136 1
1. Illerup, J.B., Geertinger, A., Hoffmann, L. & Christiansen, K., 1999. Emissionsfaktorer for tungmetaller 1990-1996. Danmarks Miljøundersøgelser. 66 s.
– Faglig rapport fra DMU nr. 301. (In Danish) Available on the internet at:
http://www.dmu.dk/1_viden/2_Publikationer/3_fagrapporter/rapporter/fr301.pdf
2. Nielsen, M. & Illerup, J.B. 2003. Emissionsfaktorer og emissionsopgørelse for decentral kraftvarme. Eltra PSO projekt 3141. Kortlægning af emissioner fra decentrale kraftvarmeværker. Delrapport 6. Danmarks Miljøundersøgelser. 116 s. –Faglig rapport fra DMU nr. 442.(In Danish, whith an english summary). Available on the Internet at :http://www.dmu.dk/1_viden/2_Publikationer/3_fagrapporter/rapporter/FR442.pdf
For large power plants combusting coal or residual oil other emission factors are applied for point sources than for area sources. The emission inventories are however mainly based on plants spe-cific emission data from each plant. The large point source emission factors that differ from the area source emission factors are shown below.
Table 51 HM emission factors [mg/GJ] 2002 for large point sources. Only emission factors that differ from the area source emission factors are included.
)XHO 61$3 $V &G &U &X +J 1L 3E 6H =Q
Coal 010102 3,3 - 8,02 4,41 2,2 6,81 - 13
-Residual oil 010101, 010102 1,48 4,43 1,33 1,48 0,15 191 1,48 0,59 11,7
Time-series for emission factors for heavy metals that are not the same in 1990-2002 are shown below. All other factors are constant in 1990-2002.
Table 52 HM emission factors time-series [mg/GJ].
3ROOXWDQW )XHO ,3&&
VHFWRU 61$3
M01 MUNICIP. WASTES 1A1a 010102 7,207 6,594 5,981 5,369 4,756 3,53 6,74 6,74 6,74
M01 MUNICIP. WASTES 1A1a 010103 4,143 3,53 3,53 3,53 6,74 6,74 6,74
M01 MUNICIP. WASTES 1A1a 0102 7,82 7,207 6,594 5,981 5,369 4,756 4,143 3,53
M01 MUNICIP. WASTES 1A4a 0201 7,82 7,207 6,594 5,981 5,369 4,756 4,143 3,53 3,53 3,53 3,53 3,53 3,53
M01 RESIDUAL OIL 1A1b 010303 14,07 17,07 17,07 14,07 14,07 14,07
M02 PETROLEUM COKE 1A2f 0301 0,2 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1
M02 MUNICIP. WASTES 1A1a 010102 28,161 25,003 21,844 18,686 15,527 9,21 4,73 4,73 4,73
M02 MUNICIP. WASTES 1A1a 010103 12,369 9,21 9,21 9,21 4,73 4,73 4,73
M02 MUNICIP. WASTES 1A1a 0102 31,32 28,161 25,003 21,844 18,686 15,527 12,369 9,21
M02 MUNICIP. WASTES 1A4a 0201 31,32 28,161 25,003 21,844 18,686 15,527 12,369 9,21 9,21 9,21 9,21 9,21 9,21 M03 MUNICIP. WASTES 1A1a 010102 164,224 142,349 120,473 98,597 76,721 32,97 2,43 2,43 2,43
M03 MUNICIP. WASTES 1A1a 010103 54,846 32,97 32,97 32,97 2,43 2,43 2,43
M03 MUNICIP. WASTES 1A1a 0102 186,1 164,224 142,349 120,473 98,597 76,721 54,846 32,97
M03 MUNICIP. WASTES 1A4a 0201 186,1 164,224 142,349 120,473 98,597 76,721 54,846 32,97 32,97 32,97 32,97 32,97 32,97 M04 MUNICIP. WASTES 1A1a 010102 110,391 97,293 84,194 71,096 57,997 31,8 10,03 10,03 10,03
M04 MUNICIP. WASTES 1A1a 010103 44,899 31,8 31,8 31,8 10,03 10,03 10,03
M04 MUNICIP. WASTES 1A1a 0102 123,49 110,391 97,293 84,194 71,096 57,997 44,899 31,8
M04 MUNICIP. WASTES 1A4a 0201 123,49 110,391 97,293 84,194 71,096 57,997 44,899 31,8 31,8 31,8 31,8 31,8 31,8
M05 MUNICIP. WASTES 1A1a 010102 121,889 111,357 100,826 90,294 79,763 58,7 7,39 7,39 7,39
M05 MUNICIP. WASTES 1A1a 010103 69,231 58,7 58,7 58,7 7,39 7,39 7,39
M05 MUNICIP. WASTES 1A1a 0102 132,42 121,889 111,357 100,826 90,294 79,763 69,231 58,7
M05 MUNICIP. WASTES 1A4a 0201 132,42 121,889 111,357 100,826 90,294 79,763 69,231 58,7 58,7 58,7 58,7 58,7 58,7 M06 MUNICIP. WASTES 1A1a 010102 172,451 152,943 133,434 113,926 94,417 55,4 4,71 4,71 4,71
M06 MUNICIP. WASTES 1A1a 010103 74,909 55,4 55,4 55,4 4,71 4,71 4,71
M06 MUNICIP. WASTES 1A1a 0102 191,96 172,451 152,943 133,434 113,926 94,417 74,909 55,4
M06 MUNICIP. WASTES 1A4a 0201 191,96 172,451 152,943 133,434 113,926 94,417 74,909 55,4 55,4 55,4 55,4 55,4 55,4 M07 MUNICIP. WASTES 1A1a 010102 639,024 555,449 471,873 388,297 304,721 137,57 123 123 123
M07 MUNICIP. WASTES 1A1a 010103 221,146 137,57 137,57 137,57 123 123 123
M07 MUNICIP. WASTES 1A1a 0102 722,6 639,024 555,449 471,873 388,297 304,721 221,146 137,57
M07 MUNICIP. WASTES 1A4a 0201 722,6 639,024 555,449 471,873 388,297 304,721 221,146 137,57 137,57 137,57 137,57 137,57 137,57 M09 MUNICIP. WASTES 1A1a 010102 741,254 677,629 614,003 550,377 486,751 359,5 359,5 359,5 359,5
M09 MUNICIP. WASTES 1A1a 010103 423,126 359,5 359,5 359,5 359,5 359,5 359,5
M09 MUNICIP. WASTES 1A1a 0102 804,88 741,254 677,629 614,003 550,377 486,751 423,126 359,5
M09 MUNICIP. WASTES 1A4a 0201 804,88 741,254 677,629 614,003 550,377 486,751 423,126 359,5 359,5 359,5 359,5 359,5 359,5
Table 53 PAH emission factors 2002.
)XHO ,3&&LG 61$3 %HQ]RD
S\UHQH %HQ]RE
IOXRUDQWKHQH %HQ]RN
IOXRUDQWKHQH ,QGHQRFG S\UHQH
>J*-@ Refer-ence
>J*-@ Refer-ence
>J*-@ Refer-ence
>J*-@ Refer-ence
BIOGAS all all 1 8 1 8 0,4 8 1,1 8
BROWN COAL BRI. 1A4b 0202 59524 4 (9) 63492 4 (9) 1984 4 (9) 119048 4 (9)
COAL 1A1a 010101, 010102,
010103, 010202, 010203
0,14 4 0,29 4 0,29 4 0,28 4
COAL 1A2f 0301 23 4 929 4 929 4 698 4
COAL 1A4b, 1A4c 0202, 0203 59524 4 63492 4 1984 4 119048 4
COKE OV.COKE 1A2f 0301 23 4 (9) 929 4 (9) 929 4 (9) 698 4 (9)
COKE OV.COKE 1A4b 0202 59524 4 (9) 63492 4 (9) 1984 4 (9) 119048 4 (9)
FISH & RAPE OIL all all 1529 2 (3) 3452 2 (3) 1400 2 (3) 1029 2 (3)
GAS OIL 1A1a
1A1c
0101, 010101, 010102, 010103, 010104, 010105, 010202, 010203, 010205, 010505
109,6 4 475,41 4 93,21 4 177,28 4
GAS OIL 1A2f
1A4a 1A4b 1A4c
0301, 030102, 030103, 030104, 030105, 030106, 0201, 020103, 020105, 0202, 0203, 020304
80 4 42 4 66 4 160 4
MUNICIP. WASTES 1A1a 010102, 010103, 010104, 010105
0,8 8 1,7 8 0,8 8 0,9 8
MUNICIP. WASTES 1A1a, 1A2f, 1A4a
010203, 030102, 0201, 020103
67 5 571 5 1 5 1 5
NATURAL GAS 1A1a, 1A1b, 1A1c, 1A2f, 1A4a, 1A4c
Gas turbines:
010104, 010304, 010504, 030104, 020104, 020303
1 8 1 8 2 8 3 8
NATURAL GAS 1A1a, 1A1c, 1A2f, 1A4a, 1A4b, 1A4c
Gas engines:
010105, 010405, 010505, 030105, 020105, 020204, 020304
3 8 42 8 24 8 6 8
NATURAL GAS 1A4b 020202 0,133 6 0,663 6 0,265 6 2,653 6
ORIMULSION 1A1a 010101 109,6 4 (7) 475,41 4 (7) 93,21 4 (7) 177,28 4 (7)
PETROLEUM COKE all all 3184 5 9554 5 RESIDUAL OIL 1A1a, 1A1b 0101, 010101,
010102, 010103, 010104, 010202, 010203, 010303
109,6 4 475,41 4 93,21 4 177,28 4
RESIDUAL OIL 1A2f 1A4a 1A4b 1A4c
0301, 030102, 030103, 030104, 030105, 0201, 020105, 0202, 0203, 020302, 020304
80 4 42 4 66 4 160 4
STRAW 1A1a 010102 1,6 1 1,4 1 1 1 1,6 1
STRAW 1A1a 010103 21 8 157 8 90 8 23 8
STRAW 1A1a, 1A2f 010202, 010203, 030102, 030105
1529 2 3452 2 1400 2 1029 2
STRAW 1A4a, 1A4b,
1A4c
0201, 0202, 0203, 020302
12956 2 12828 2 6912 2 4222 2
WOOD AND SIMIL. 1A1a 010102, 010103, 010104
3 8 2 8 2 8 2 8
WOOD AND SIMIL. 1A1a, 1A2f 010105, 010202, 010203, 010205, 0301, 030102, 030103
6,46 4 1292,52 4 1292,52 4 11,56 4
WOOD AND SIMIL. 1A4a, 1A4b, 1A4c
0201, 020105, 0202, 0203
168707 4 221769 4 73469 4 119728 4
1. Sander, B. 2002. Personal communication, e-mail 11-10-2002
2. Jensen, L. & Nielsen, P.B. 1996 Emissioner fra halm- og flisfyr, Arbejds rapport fra Miljøstyrelsen nr 5 1996, Bilagsrapport (In Danish) 3. Same emission factors as for straw is assumed (NERI assumption)
4. Berdowski J.J.M., Veldt C., Baas J., Bloos J.P.J., Klein A.E. 1995, Technical Paper to the OSPARCOM-HELCOM-UNECE Emission Inventory of heavy Metals and Persistent Organic Pollutants, TNO-report, TNO-MEP – R 95/247
5. Finstad A., Haakonsen G., Kvingedal E. & Rypdal K. 2001. Utslipp til luft av noen miljøgifter i Norge, Dokumentasjon av metode og resultater, Statistics Norway Report 2001/17 (In Norwegian)
6. Jensen, J. 2001, Danish Gas Technology centre, personal communication, e-mail 11-10-2001 7. Same emission factors as for residual oil is assumed (NERI assumption)
8. Nielsen, M. & Illerup, J.B. 2003. Emissionsfaktorer og emissionsopgørelse for decentral kraftvarme. Eltra PSO projekt 3141. Kortlægning af emissioner fra decentrale kraftvarmeværker. Delrapport 6. Danmarks Miljøundersøgelser. 116 s. –Faglig rapport fra DMU nr. 442. (In Danish, whith an english summary). Available on the Internet at :http://www.dmu.dk/1_viden/2_Publikationer/3_fagrapporter/rapporter/FR442.pdf
9. Same emission factor as for coal is assumed (NERI assumption)
The same PAH emission factors are applied for 1990-2002.