Demographics characteristics

A total of 254 staff (CUS) from 10 RUB constituent colleges participated in the survey out of 600, which consists of dominantly 174(68.5%) male. Half of the participants were aged 35 & below i.e., a total of 132 (52%). From the total, 163(64.2%) were from teaching staff and 90 (35.4%) were from administrative staff. Table 1 below shows the type of computer used in the office by the different types of staff. A total of 119 (73.0%) teaching staff were using laptop computers out of (n=163) laptop computer users and 47 (52.8%) of the administrative staff were using desktop computers out of (n=89). While qualitative data analysis indicated that, 59% of the participants use laptop computers while 41% of them use desktop computers when working in the office. This reveals that most laptop computer users were teaching staff and desktop users were administrative staff and only few staff were using both types of computers in their office.

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Table 1. Type of Computer Use in the Office by the Teaching Staff and Administrative Staff

Type of computer used in the office Laptop Desktop Both

Type of staff Teaching staff Count 119 9 35

% within type of staff 73.0% 5.5% 21.5%

Administrative staff Count 21 47 21

% within type of staff 23.6% 52.8% 23.6%

Total Count 140 56 56

% within type of staff 55.6% 22.2% 22.2%

In terms of number of years of computer use, 83(50.9%) of the teaching staff have been using computers for more than a decade, whereas administrative staff have almost equal distribution of number of years of computer use ranging from 3 years and below to 10 years and above. While qualitative data analysis indicated that the participants used computers ranging from 6 months to 16 years with an average experience of 5 to 6 years.

Frequency of computer usage

Quantitative data analysis on an average time spent during workdays by the CUS indicated that 97(38.2%) spent 6 hours and above while 94(37%) spent 4-6 hours and remaining 63(24.8%) spent 4 hours and below. When further looked at the average time spent in a single seating by the staff, it indicated that 163(64.2%) of the staff spent 2 hours & above while 41(16.1%) spent 1.5-2 hours and remaining 50(19.7) spent 1.5 hours & below.

The qualitative data analysis revealed that 76% of participants spent the whole day with computers except for breaks such as tea time and lunch breaks during the working days while 2(11%) use it for 3 to 5 hours daily. This concludes that the majority of the staff spent 4 hours and above with computers on a daily basis during average workdays.

A contingency table analysis was conducted to establish whether there was a significant relationship between types of staff in terms of average time spent in a single seating with the computer. There was no significant relationship between these two variables, (χ 2) (DF=2, n=253) = 2.994, p>.05, as expected, the count of all the cells was not different enough from the observed counts. However, it was found that 66.3% of the teaching staff and 60.0% of the administrative staff spent 2 hours and above. This concludes that both the groups spent more time with computers in a single seating. Further, contingency table analysis was conducted to establish whether there was a significant relationship between the types of staff in terms of average time spent on a computer during an average workday. There was also no significant relationship between these two variables, (χ 2) (DF=2, n=253)

= .898, p>.05, as expected, the count of all the cells was not different enough from the observed counts.

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Table 1. Type of Computer Use in the Office by the Teaching Staff and Administrative Staff

Type of computer used in the office Laptop Desktop Both

Type of staff Teaching staff Count 119 9 35

% within type of staff 73.0% 5.5% 21.5%

Administrative staff Count 21 47 21

% within type of staff 23.6% 52.8% 23.6%

Total Count 140 56 56

% within type of staff 55.6% 22.2% 22.2%

In terms of number of years of computer use, 83(50.9%) of the teaching staff have been using computers for more than a decade, whereas administrative staff have almost equal distribution of number of years of computer use ranging from 3 years and below to 10 years and above. While qualitative data analysis indicated that the participants used computers ranging from 6 months to 16 years with an average experience of 5 to 6 years.

Frequency of computer usage

Quantitative data analysis on an average time spent during workdays by the CUS indicated that 97(38.2%) spent 6 hours and above while 94(37%) spent 4-6 hours and remaining 63(24.8%) spent 4 hours and below. When further looked at the average time spent in a single seating by the staff, it indicated that 163(64.2%) of the staff spent 2 hours & above while 41(16.1%) spent 1.5-2 hours and remaining 50(19.7) spent 1.5 hours & below.

The qualitative data analysis revealed that 76% of participants spent the whole day with computers except for breaks such as tea time and lunch breaks during the working days while 2(11%) use it for 3 to 5 hours daily. This concludes that the majority of the staff spent 4 hours and above with computers on a daily basis during average workdays.

A contingency table analysis was conducted to establish whether there was a significant relationship between types of staff in terms of average time spent in a single seating with the computer. There was no significant relationship between these two variables, (χ 2) (DF=2, n=253) = 2.994, p>.05, as expected, the count of all the cells was not different enough from the observed counts. However, it was found that 66.3% of the teaching staff and 60.0% of the administrative staff spent 2 hours and above. This concludes that both the groups spent more time with computers in a single seating. Further, contingency table analysis was conducted to establish whether there was a significant relationship between the types of staff in terms of average time spent on a computer during an average workday. There was also no significant relationship between these two variables, (χ 2) (DF=2, n=253)

= .898, p>.05, as expected, the count of all the cells was not different enough from the observed counts.

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Table 2. Rotated component matrix

Extraction Method: Principal Component Analysis. Rotation Method: Varimax with Kaiser Normalization.^A a. Rotation converged in 5 iterations

Component Exercise at

Computer Adjustment with physical

interaction with computer

Sitting posture in front of computer

Combine computer with non-computer work

Do feet exercises in between .903 Do arm relaxation exercises in

between .897

Do hand and wrist exercises in

between .896

Do back exercises in between .890 Do neck and shoulder rotation

exercises in between .869

Do eye exercises in between .774 Take your hands off the mouse

during breaks .787

Break work into smaller segments and switch between tasks that use different motions. For example, alternate use of mouse with reading and searching the web

.736

Reduce prolonged computer time

whenever possible .680

Wear eyeglasses when you use

computer .409

Keep elbows at a 90° angle, with elbows close to the body and forearms parallel to the floor

.831

Sit on the chair with upright

position without bending the back .670

Keep wrists straight, supported by

a foam pad or chair armrests .638

Keep upper legs parallel to the

floor with feet flat .569

Combine computer work with

writing paper work .912

Combine computer work with

reading paper work .909

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