Avoided renovation materials

Legato is still the scenario with the highest aggregated impact of 11 European person equivalents while Forte has the lowest aggregated impact with 4.25 European person equivalents.

4.2.2. Avoided renovation materials

impact between all five scenarios will also be very small. The Vivace scenario will have the highest impact that results in 25.3 European person equivalents over the period of 50 years.

The Forte scenario will have the lowest impact with equal to 25 European person equivalents of CO2.

4.2.2.2.

The impact results from ozone depletion in figure 4.2.8 shows that most of the impacts are negative. One common characteristic between the building part categories is that they have district heating as a next system avoided product. The negative impact from the gable facades are very large compared to the other building part categories, which is most likely due to the high degree of incinerated expanded polystyrene that is converted to district heating. The window categories will also give a negative impact, but there will also both be an avoided impact from the aluminum and some incineration of silicone sealing that is converted to district heating. This happens inside a standard Ecoinvent data process which is the reason the process is not dynamic.

Figure 4.2.8 Avoided renovation materials Ozone Depletion

The future energy scenarios have a large influence on the aggregated impact, which also strongly indicates that the negative impact is related to the avoided district heating. For example, the negative impact of the Legato scenario is two time higher than the standard non-dynamic scenario. The aggregated impact of the Forte scenario will be equal to -0.34 European

person equivalents and the standard scenario will result in -0.17 European person equivalents in relation to ozone depletion over the 50 year period.

4.2.2.3.

The impact from photochemical oxidant formation shows a very similar distribution between the building parts, as in the climate change impacts. Again, the windows are the most dominating category of all building parts. According to the detailed graphs for photochemical oxidant formation for avoided building parts that can be found in appendix I, the aluminum is responsible for around 30 % of the impacts for the windows. The rest of the impact for the windows are related to the glazing.

Impacts from ground facades and the gables are not positive. All facades except the north facade contains polystyrene, which is an polymer material that consists of hydrocarbons (C8H8)n. It is likely based on the results that the polystyrene is responsible for most of the impacts for the facades. The impacts emerge in the production phase, which is very clean in the gable facade where only polystyrene is included.

Figure 4.2.9 Avoided renovation materials Photochemical Oxidant Formation

The negative impact from avoided district heating are small, which is the reason the difference between the scenarios is also small, as shown in figure 4.2.9. The Legato scenario will have the highest impact resulting in 16.6 European person equivalents while the Forte scenario will

result in 16.3 European person equivalents in relation to Photochemical oxidant formation over the 50-year period.

4.2.2.4. Terrestrial acidification

The terrestrial acidification impact from windows is very high compared to the facade materials as shown in figure 4.2.10. SO2 is normally released in larger amounts when burning fossil fuels, especially from coal. Both aluminum and glass consume a lot of energy in the production due to the required high production temperatures. The detailed graphs in appendix I show that most of the impacts occur in the production stages while the end of life stages gives a negative impact due to the avoided aluminum from the frames. The negative impact is only around a 25 % of the positive impact, which is the reason for the high final aggregated impacts from the windows.

Figure 4.2.10 Avoided renovation materials Terrestrial Acidification

The final aggregated impacts between the scenarios are very similar, so the dynamic scenarios do not have a large impact on terrestrial acidification in relation to the avoided building materials. The Legato scenario will have the highest impact resulting in 55.8 European person equivalents while the standard scenario with the lowest impact will result in 55.4 European person equivalents in relation to photochemical oxidant formation over the 50 year period.

The windows and the glazing at the balcony façade are responsible for around 90 % of all impacts related to terrestrial acidification.

4.2.2.5. Freshwater eutrophication

The results in figure 4.2.11 shows that the impact from the gables will be negative. The impact in the production phase of the expanded polystyrene are very low, while the end of life stages have a very high negative impact due to the incineration of the polystyrene. This is also the reason the impacts in the gable facades are very dependent on the energy scenarios.

The production impacts in the ground level facades are much higher than the gable facades.

This larger impact is related to the production of mortar and the stone tiles. The negative impact in the end of life stages are also smaller, which might be related to the crushing and landfill of stone tiles and mortar. Windows are still the major contributors of impacts. The negative impacts in the end of life is larger, which indicates that the aluminum is responsible for a larger share of the impact than in the other impact categories.

The north facade also contains aluminum. In the previous four impact categories the impact was larger for the balcony glazing and for the north wall. In freshwater eutrophication the impact for the north facade is larger than for the glazing at the balconies, which does not contain aluminum.

Figure 4.2.11 Avoided renovation materials Freshwater Eutrophication

The impacts were strongly influenced by the energy scenarios related to freshwater eutrophication. This time the Vivace scenario has the highest impact resulting in 108.8

European person equivalents while the standard scenario with the lowest impact will result in 96.4 European person equivalents in relation to Freshwater eutrophication over the 50-year period.