• Ingen resultater fundet

View of Open data – a common goal but different ways to achieve it

N/A
N/A
Info
Hent
Protected

Academic year: 2022

Del "View of Open data – a common goal but different ways to achieve it"

Copied!
14
0
0

Indlæser.... (se fuldtekst nu)

Hele teksten

(1)

30 • PERSPEKTIV NR. 31 • 2017

Everyone wants open data, but the road towards it can be both diffi cult and long. Implementation of data portals and ICT solutions for support of the data infrastructure can be initiated from the central government through legislation, regulation and public procurement. This is what you would call a typical top-down implementation. Implementation could also happen with the help of local enthusiasts and the proper organizational structure. This would be referred to as a bottom-up approach to the implementation. In Denmark, you will fi nd examples of both approaches and they will be presented in this article through two specifi c ca- ses from the catalogue of digital solutions for closer public sector collaboration (Regeringen, Kommunernes Lands- forening, & Danske Regioner, 2016). Through universal prin- ciples for open government and open data, the two initiati- ves have a common theoretical platform, but the tools, means and methods used to reach their individual goals are very diff erent. The article will focus on these diff erent means and give some suggestions to which degree the two approa- ches can learn something from each other.

Keywords: Åbne data, Dataportaler, Digitalisering, Grunddata Lars Bodum

AAU

lbo@plan.aau.dk

(2)
(3)

32 • PERSPEKTIV NR. 31 • 2017

OPEN GOVERNMENT OG OPEN DATA

ć ć ć

(4)
(5)

34 • PERSPEKTIV NR. 31 • 2017

EN BEVÆGELSE FRA UNDERGRUNDEN – SMART CITY MED INDBYGGET DATAPORTAL

ć

(6)

UNDERSØGELSE AF TO DANSKE CASES MED ÅBNE DATAPORTALER

Grunddataprogrammet og datafordeleren

Figur 1. Logo brugt i forbindelse med

Summer of Smart hackathons

Kilde: http://grayarea.org/initiative/summer-of-smart/

(7)

36 • PERSPEKTIV NR. 31 • 2017

DELPROGRAMMERNE

BESLUTNINGEN OG PLANLÆGNINGEN AF

PROGRAMMET

(8)

ØKONOMI, OMKOSTNINGER OG GEVINSTER DATAFORDELERENS SÆRLIGE BETYDNING

Figur 2. De otte delprogrammer i Grunddataprogrammet

Kilde: http://grunddata.dk/#datamodel - nummerering er påsat efterfølgende

(9)

38 • PERSPEKTIV NR. 31 • 2017

FORVENTNINGER TIL FREMTIDEN FOR

GRUNDDATAPROGRAMMET

(10)

Open Data DK

(11)

40 • PERSPEKTIV NR. 31 • 2017

FORVENTNINGER TIL FREMTIDEN FOR OPEN

DATA DK

(12)

KONKLUSION

(13)

42 • PERSPEKTIV NR. 31 • 2017

https://www.digst.dk/Styring/Business-case-model

• Finansministeriet. Aktstykke nr. 33 (2016). Denmark.

Retrieved from http://www.ft.dk/RIPdf/samling/20161/

aktstykke/aktstk33/20161_aktstk_afgjort33.pdf

• Goodchild, M. (2007). Citizens as sensors: the world of volunteered geography. GeoJournal, 69(4), 211–221.

https://doi.org/10.1007/s10708-007-9111-y

• Haklay, M., & Weber, P. (2008). OpenStreetMap:

User-Generated Street Maps. IEEE Pervasive Computing, 7(4), 12–18. https://doi.org/10.1109/MPRV.2008.80

• Hansen, H. S., Hvingel, L., & Schrøder, L. (2013). Open Government Data – A Key Element in the Digital Society.

In A. Prosser, C. Kő, H. Leitner, & A. Leitold (Eds.), Lecture Notes in Computer Science (EGOVIS/EDE, Vol.

8061, pp. 167–180). Heidelberg: Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-40160- 2_14

• Hansen, H. S., Schrøder, L., Hvingel, L., & Christiansen, J. S. (2011). Towards Spatially Enabled e-Governance – A Case Study on SDI implementation *. International Jour- nal of Spatial Data Infrastructures Research, 6(6), 73–96.

https://doi.org/10.2902/1725-0463.2011.06.art4

• Horst, N. L., Bjerre, S., Lind, M., & Hvingel, L. (2014).

Grunddataprogrammet – en dansk infrastrukturmo del for off entlige data. Perspektiv, (24), 36–45. Retrieved from https://journals.aau.dk/index.php/gfp/article/view File/628/509

• Janssen, M., Charalabidis, Y., & Zuiderwijk, A. (2012).

Benefi ts, Adoption Barriers and Myths of Open Data and Open Government. Information Systems Management, 29(4), 258–268. https://doi.org/10.1080/10580530.2012.7 16740

• Kitchin, R. (2014). The real-time city? Big data and smart urbanism. GeoJournal, 79(1), 1–14.

https://doi.org/10.1007/s10708-013-9516-8

• Knudsen, A.-M. S., & Kahila, M. (2012). Review The role of Volunteered Geographic Information in participa- tory planning : Examples from Denmark and Finland.

Perspektiv, (21), 35–48.

• Kommunernes Landsforening. (2016). Lokal og digital - et sammenhængende Danmark. København. Retrieved from http://www.kl.dk/ImageVaultFiles/id_78144/cf_202/

Handlingsplan.PDF

• Mathiassen, A. K., & Lindstrøm, M. B. (2015). Open Data DK skaber vækst og transparens. Geoforum Perspektiv, (25), 44–50. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.5278/ojs.

perspektiv.v14i25.1236

• Ministeriet for By Bolig og Landdistrikter. (2015).

Programstyringsdokument GD1 ver. 1.5.1. København.

Retrieved from http://grunddata-ejendom-adresse.dk/

fi le/375493/GD1_programstyringsdokument_v_1_5_1.pdf

• Monitor Deloitte. (2017). Analyse af efterspørgsel og markedstendenser indenfor off entlige data.

• Mølsted, H. (2016). Forsinkelse i Grunddataprogrammet betyder ekstraregning på 158 mio. kroner. Version2, (12- 12–2016). Retrieved from https://www.version2.dk/

artikel/kommuner-kraever-kompensation-forsinkelse- grunddataprogrammet-1070296

• Open4Citizen. (2017). OPEN4CITIZENS Project. Retrived REFERENCER

• Albino, V., Berardi, U., & Dangelico, R. M. (2015). Smart Cities: Defi nitions, Dimensions, Performance, and Initia- tives. Journal of Urban Technology, 22(1), 3–21.

https://doi.org/10.1080/10630732.2014.942092

• Batty, M., Axhausen, K. W., Giannotti, F., Pozdnoukhov, A., Bazzani, A., Wachowicz, M., … Portugali, Y. (2012).

Smart cities of the future. European Physical Journal:

Special Topics, 214(1), 481–518.

https://doi.org/10.1140/epjst/e2012-01703-3

• Brunbjerg, A. K., Bruun, H. H., Moeslund, J. E., Sadler, J.P. , Svenning, J.-C., & Ejrnæs, R. (2017). Ecospace: A unifi ed framework for understanding variation in terrestrial biodiversity. Basic and Applied Ecology, 18, 86–94.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.baae.2016.09.002

• Coleman, D. J., Georgiadou, Y., & Labonte, J. (2009).

Volunteered Geographic Information: The Nature and Motivation of Produsers. International Journal of Spatial Data Infrastructure Research, 4, 332–358.

https://doi.org/10.2902/1725-0463.2009.04.art16

• da Cruz, N. F., Tavares, A. F., Marques, R. C., Jorge, S., & de Sousa, L. (2016). Measuring Local Government Transparency. Public Management Review, 18(6), 866–

893. https://doi.org/10.1080/14719037.2015.1051572

• Danielsen, S. K., & Wøhlk, R. (2012). Analyse af GIS-ba seret borgerinddragelse i danske kommuner. Perspektiv, (21), 14–22.

• Danmarks Naturfredningsforening. (2017). Citizen science resultater fra Det Store Naturtjek. Retrieved November 15, 2017, from http://www.biodiversitet.nu/resultater

• Danske Regioner. (2017). Digitalisering skal skabe vækst i hele Danmark - 10 anbefalinger til Danmarks Digitale vækst. København. Retrieved from http://www.regioner.

dk/media/5634/digitaliseringsudspil.pdf

• Digitaliseringsstyrelsen. (2012a). Datafordeleren - Grunddata. Retrieved October 30, 2017, from http://grunddata.dk/datafordeleren/

• Digitaliseringsstyrelsen. (2012b). Hvad er Grunddata - Grunddata. Retrieved October 30, 2017, from http://grunddata.dk/hvad-er-grunddata/

• Digitaliseringsstyrelsen. Idriftsættelses- og parallel- udstillingsplan - Grunddataprogrammet (27/10-17) (2017). Retrieved from http://grunddata.dk/wp-content/

uploads/2017/06/Tidsplan_GDP.pdf

• Digitaliseringsstyrelsen. (2017b). Statens business case- model. Retrieved November 16, 2017, from

(14)

https://doi.org/10.1080/13658810802634956

• Styrelsen for Dataforsyning og Eff ektivisering. (2016).

Om Datafordeler. Retrieved October 31, 2017, from http://datafordeler.dk/om-datafordeler/

• Styrelsen for Dataforsyning og Eff ektivisering. (2017).

Eff ekten af de frie geodata - Eftermåling. København.

Retrieved from http://sdfe.dk/media/2916777/de-frie- geo -data-eftermaaling.pdf

• Susha, I., Grönlund, Å., & Janssen, M. (2015). Driving fac- tors of service innovation using open government data:

An exploratory study of entrepreneurs in two countries.

Information Polity, 20(1), 19–34. https://doi.org/10.3233/

IP-150353

• Thorsby, J., Stowers, G. N. L., Wolslegel, K., & Tumbuan, E. (2017). Understanding the content and features of open data portals in American cities. Government Infor- mation Quarterly, 34(1), 53–61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.

giq.2016.07.001

• Townsend, A. M. (2013). Smart cities : big data, civic hackers, and the quest for a new utopia. New York, USA:

W. W. Norton & Company, Inc.

• Umbrich, J., Neumaier, S., & Polleres, A. (2015). Quality assessment and evolution of Open Data portals. Procee- dings - 2015 International Conference on Future Internet of Things and Cloud, FiCloud 2015 and 2015 Interna- tio nal Conference on Open and Big Data, OBD 2015, 404–411. https://doi.org/10.1109/FiCloud.2015.82

• Veljković, N., Bogdanović-Dinić, S., & Stoimenov, L.

(2014). Benchmarking open government : An open data perspective. Government Information Quarterly, 31(2), 278–290. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2013.10.011

• World Wide Web Foundation. (2017). OpenDataBarome- ter - Data for everyone - Global Report 4th edition. Retri- eved from http://opendatabarometer.org/doc/4thEditi- on/ODB-4thEdition-GlobalReport.pdf

November 15, 2017, from http://open4citizens.eu/

• Open Geospatial Consortium. (2015). Smart Cities Spatial Information Framework (No. 14–115).

Retrieved from https://portal.opengeospatial.

org/fi les/?artifact_id=61188

• Open Government Partnership. (2017a). About OGP.

Retrieved October 26, 2017, from https://www.opengov partnership.org/about/about-ogp

• Open Government Partnership. (2017b). Open Govern ment Declaration. Retrieved October 26, 2017, from https://www.opengovpartnership.org/open-govern- ment-declaration

• OrganiCity. (2017). Organicity - Experiments. Retrieved from http://organicity.eu/experiments/

• Regeringen, Kommunernes Landsforening, & Danske Regioner. (2016). Et stærkere og mere trygt digitalt samfund - Den fællesoff entlige digitaliseringsstrategi 2016-2020. København.

• Sieber, R. E., & Johnson, P. A. (2015). Civic open data at a crossroads : Dominant models and current challenges.

Government Information Quarterly, 32(3), 308–315.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2015.05.003

• Statens IT-Projektråd. (2017). Statens it-projekter /2017.

København.

• Steensen, E. F. (2008). Virksomheders strategiprocesser og præstationer : Top-down styring skader eff ektivitten.

Ledelse & Erhvervsøkonomi, (1), 5–15.

• Steff ensen, B., Colding, T. S., & Carstens, A. M. (2014).

Frie geodata har fået antallet af brugere på Kortforsyningen.dk til at eksplodere. Perspektiv, (24), 49–53. Retrieved from https://journals.aau.dk/index.

php/gfp/article/viewFile/630/511

• Steiniger, S., & Bocher, E. (2009). An overview on current free and open source desktop GIS developments.

International Journal of Geographical Information Science, 23(10), 1345–1370.

Referencer

RELATEREDE DOKUMENTER

Freedom in commons brings ruin to all.” In terms of National Parks – an example with much in common with museums – Hardin diagnoses that being ‘open to all, without limits’

- Processing analytical data for BI (overnight long running data transformation) Not only store but validate and distribute:. - Data from different sources must

DBpedia extracts semi-structured data from Wikipedias and map and add the data to a triple store.. The data is made available on the Web is a variety of ways: http://dbpedia.org

Once the property data programme has been com- pleted, processing and registering property in Denmark will be based on a cohesive and uniform basis, as the property area's basic

Vehicle speed and positional data was collected with inexpensive data loggers and data was stored and analyzed with open source tools.. The tools proved to be more powerful, but

One way to tackle some of the challenges surrounding open data use is via the creation of Internet-based platforms designed to promote and facilitate data reuse by the public

After outlining the distinctive features of the classic data session and considering prior studies of how data sessions are organized socially, I describe how the data session can

The general idea of the developed prototype is: (1) the use of standard and open file-based exchange with flexibility in data input to support use across different design stages;