• Ingen resultater fundet

MOBILITY: A CRITICAL APPRAISAL

N/A
N/A
Info
Hent
Protected

Academic year: 2022

Del "MOBILITY: A CRITICAL APPRAISAL"

Copied!
30
0
0

Indlæser.... (se fuldtekst nu)

Hele teksten

(1)

James McIntosh Martin D. Munk 11:2002 WORKING PAPER

RESEARCH DEPARTMENT OF CHILDREN, INTEGRATION AND EQUAL OPPORTUNITY

MOBILITY: A CRITICAL APPRAISAL

(2)

Mobility: A Critical Appraisal

James McIntosh & Martin D. Munk

Program Area 5 Working Paper 11:2002

The Working Paper Series of The Danish National Institute of Social Research contain interim results of research and preparatory studies. The Working Paper Series provide a basis for professional discussion as part of the research process. Readers should note that results and interpretations in the final report or article may differ from the present Working Paper. All rights reserved. Short sections of text, not to exceed two paragraphs, may be

(3)

LM*|)G h|U@* TTh@t@*

a@4it UW?|Lt



,UL?L4Ut #iT@h|4i?|

L?ULh_@ N?iht|)

eDD #i @tL??ii *_ `

L?|hi@* "iMiUc OB Hc @?@_@

5LU@* 6Lht!??}t W?t||||i|@?_

Oih*u AhL**it B@_i 

#kfD2 kƒMi?@? kc #i?4@h!

@h|? # ?!

2

5LU@* 6Lht!??}t W?t||||i|

Oih*u AhL**it B@_i 

#kfD2 kƒMi?@? kc #i?4@h!

6iMh@h) 2Sc 2ff2

4Hpdlo= mdphvpCyd{51frqfrugld1fd

5Hpdlo= pgpCv1gn



(4)

LM*|)G h|U@* TTh@t@*

5A+A

At T@Tih _i@*t | |i 4i|L_L*L}U@* @?_ t|@|t|U@* ThLM*i4t |@| @i @hti?

? |i *|ih@|hi U @?@*)3it tLU@* @?_ iUL?L4U 4LM*|) Aiti ThLM*i4t @hi UL?

t_ihi_ ? |i UL?|i | Lu ML| t4*@|i_ _@|@ @?_ #@?t 4LM*|) _@|@ L? tLU@* U*@ttit

@?_ i@h??}t `i €ht| tL |@| |h@_|L?@* 4i|L_t ti_ ? |i @?@*)tt Lu 4LM*|)

|@M*it ** ThL_Ui M@ti_ @?_c i?Uic ?hi*@M*i it|4@|it Lu |i 4L_i*<t T@h@4i|iht u

|ihi @hi ?__@* @||hM|it |@| U@? Mi LMtihi_ M) |i hiti@hUih *!i @M*|)c uLh i @4T*i `i @*tL tL |@| |i tUi4@|@ |@| @hi ti_ |L _i€?i tLU@* U*@ttit M@ti_ L?

LUUT@|L?@* }hLT?}t U@? Mi |it|i_ t?} U*@ttU@* t|@|t|U@* 4i|L_t Nt?} #@?t 4LM*|) _@|@ i uL?_ |@| |ihi ihi T*@tM*i t|@|L?t ihi |iti tUi4@|@ @hi hiiU|i_ M) |i _@|@ 4L_i* Lu ?UL4i @t _ii*LTi_ Lti t|hU|h@* T@h@4i|iht UL*_ Mi it|4@|i_ UL?tt|i?|*) At @t |i? it|4@|i_ L? @ #@?t *L?}|_?@* _@|@

M@ti ? U hitTL?_i?|t ihi thi)i_ ? b.S @?_ @}@? ? 2fff Ai 4@? UL?U*

tL?t @hi |@| LtiL*_ ?UL4i _iTi?_t t}?€U@?|*) L? T@hi?|@* M@U!}hL?_ @h@M*it

@?_ ? tT|i Lu |i u@U| |@| #i?4@h! @t 4@?) ?iht@* tLU@* ThL}h@44it _iL|i_ |L 4ThL?} |i i*u@hi Lu |t U|3i?t |i U*_hi? Lu _t@_@?|@}i_ LtiL*_t @hi 4U

*itt *!i*) |L tUUii_ |@? |i U*_hi? Lu T@hi?|t U @hi 4Lhi @=i?| @?_ @i Mi||ih i_U@|L?@* M@U!}hL?_t

2

(5)

LM*|)G h|U@* TTh@t@*

 W?|hL_U|L?

At T@Tih _i@*t | |i 4i|L_L*L}U@* @?_ t|@|t|U@* ThLM*i4t |@| @i @hti? ? |i

*|ih@|hi U @?@*)3it tLU@* @?_ iUL?L4U 4LM*|) Aiti ThLM*i4t @hi UL?t_ihi_

? |i UL?|i | Lu ML| t4*@|i_ _@|@ @?_ #@?t 4LM*|) _@|@ L? tLU@* U*@ttit @?_

i@h??}t U Lu @| i @i |L t@) @ML| |i t|hU|hi Lu 4LM*|) 4L_i*t @t Mii?

?L|i_ M) L|iht w!itic Lh t|@|t|U@* UL?Uih?t @hi M@ti_ L? M@tU _i*) @UUiT|i_

@?_ i** !?L? ThLTLt|L?t ? iUL?L4i|hUt Ai TL?|t |@| i 4@!i @i Lu|i? Mii?

4@_i M) L|ih tLU@* tUi?|t|t ? @hi@t Lu iUL?L4Ut @?_ tLUL*L}) |@| @hi t4*@h |L

|i @?@*)tt Lu 4LM*|) OLiihc uLh hi@tL?t |@| @hi ?L| @TT@hi?| |L tc 4LM*|)

@?@*)ttc M) @?_ *@h}ic @TTi@ht |L @i Mii? *iu| Mi?_ @?_ @t ?L| Mi?i€|i_ uhL4

|i @TT*U@|L? Lu |i ThLUi_hit |@| L*_ Mi hL|?i*) @TT*i_ |L ThLM*i4t Lu |t tLh| ? L|ih @hi@t Lu tLU@* i?^h) `ic |ihiuLhic Mi*ii |@| @ Uh|U@* hii Lu |i Uhhi?| t|@|i Lu 4LM*|) @?@*)tt t ? Lh_ih W? Lh i @4?@|L? Lu |t *|ih@|hi i uL?_ 4@?) i @4T*it Lu hiti@hU ihi |i t|@|t|U@* ThLUi_hit i4T*L)i_ @hi *!i*)

|L ThL_Ui M@ti_ T@h@4i|ih it|4@|it @?_ ihi UhU@* |iLhi|U@* @tt4T|L?t ihi 4TLti_ L? |i _@|@ |L| ThLTih |it|t Lu |i T@h@4i|ih hit|hU|L?t 4T*i_ M) |i

|iLh) Aiti @hi tihLt ThLM*i4tc ?_ii_c @?_ | t Lh LTi |@| M) uLUt?} L? |i4 tL4i ThL}hitt U@? Mi 4@_i ? 4ThL?} |i ^@*|) Lu hiti@hU ? |t @hi@

Ai T@Tih @t |i uL**L?} uLh4@| Ai ?i | tiU|L? UL?|@?t @ Mhiu *|ih@|hi hii Aihi @hi @ ih) *@h}i ?4Mih Lu T@Tiht |@| @hi hi*i@?| L?i @) Lh @?L|ih Ai ttit ?L*i U*@ttc ?i^@*|)c ?UL4i @?_ @}i _i|ih4?@|L?c UL}?|i t!**tc @?_

*@MLh 4@h!i|t hL_?} @? @_i^@|i i** _}it|i_ t44@h) Lu |i hi*i@?| *|ih@|hi ihi t @ tMt|@?|@* ?_ih|@!?} ,i? |i ?@hhLih @hi@ Lu 4LM*|) t UL4T*U@|i_ M)

|i u@U| |@| ML| iUL?L4t|t @?_ tLUL*L}t|t @i Mii? ThL4?i?| UL?|hM|Lht W| t

?|ihit|?} |L ?L|i |@| |i tLUL*L}t|t 6i@|ih4@? @?_ O@tih Eb.H ihi TL?iiht ?

|i it|4@|L? Lu i@h??}t u?U|L?t |@| @i UL4i |L Mi tL ThL4?i?| ? 4L_ih? *@MLh iUL?L4Ut

5iU|L? _i@*t | |i iUL?L4i|hU @?_ t|@|t|U@* ttit M) i @4??} @? iUL?L 4i|hU 4L_i* Lu i@h??}t M) t4*@|L? 4i|L_t Ai _@|@ tc Lu ULhtic @h|€U@* M| |t ThLUi_hi @**Lt t |L _i4L?t|h@|i @| U@? }L hL?} i? |i 4i|L_t |@| 4LM*|)

(6)

@?@*)t|t t@**) ti @hi @TT*i_ |L _@|@ | ThLTih|it |@| @hi *!i*) |L Mi LMtihi_

W| @*tL @**Lt t |L tL @| 4i|L_t U@? Mi ti_ @?_ L i** |i) TihuLh4 ? |i it|4@|L? Lu 4LM*|) ThLM@M*|) 4L_i*t L? L?i @?_ @?_ i@h??}t u?U|L?t L? |i L|ih

W? tiU|L? e i it|4@|i 4LM*|) ThLM@M*|) 4L_i*t @?_ i@h??}t u?U|L?t uLh #i?

4@h! t?} @ *L?}|_?@* thi) ? U hitTL?_i?|t ihi €ht| ?|ihii_ ? b.S @?_

hi?|ihii_ @}@? ? 2fff W| UL?|@?t ?uLh4@|L? @ML| i_U@|L? @?_ LUUT@|L?@*

TLt|L?c @?_ T@hi?|t< i_U@|L?c tLU@* }hLT @?_ Lh! TLt|L? @t i** @t ?UL4i @?_

i@*| @h@M*it ? 2fff 5iU|L? D i?_t |i T@Tih | @ Mhiu _tUttL? Lu |i hit*|t

2 LM*|) 5|_it

LM*|) hiti@hU u@**t ?@|h@**) ?|L @ ?4Mih Lu U@|i}Lhit Ai 4Lt| ?L|Ui@M*i _tL?

t Mi|ii? iUL?L4U @?_ tLU@* 4LM*|) M| |i M*! Lu |i *|ih@|hi UL?Ui?|h@|it L?

tLU@* 4LM*|) tL i ** _tUtt |t €ht|

| L?i *ii* 4LM*|) hiti@hU @t 4L|@|i_ M) |i _i@ |@| tLU@* 4LM*|) |L*_

t tL4i|?} @ML| |i _i}hii Lu i^@*|) Lu LTTLh|?|) Lh LTi??itt U@h@U|ih3?} @ tLUi|) +iThiti?|@|it uhL4 @hLt |4i TihL_t ihi ?U*_i +L}Lg EbDc B*@tt EbDec @h*ttL? EbDHc wTti| @?_ i?_ EbDbc 5@*@t|L}@ EbDbc *@ @?_ #?

U@? EbS.c 6i@|ih4@? @?_ O@tih Eb.Hc Lh_i EbHSc ,h!tL? @?_ BL*_|LhTi Ebb2@c O@?ti? EbbDc 5@@}i @?_ ,}ih|L? Ebb.c @?_ hii? @?_ BL*_|LhTi E2ff

t|_) M) |i 6hi?U tLUL*L}t| ih**‚i Ebbe }it @? Lihi Lu |i 4@? t|_it t?Ui i?? @?_ 5LhL!? EbSe

u |i @MLic BL*_|LhTi @?_ t @ttLU@|i_ UL@|Lht _itihi tTiU@* 4i?|L? @t

|i 4Lt| ThL4?i?| 4L_ih? tTTLh|iht Lu |i B*@tt |h@_|L? @?_ |t uL?_ |i4ti*it

? UL?U| | |i 4ihU@? tULL* Lu tLU@* 4LM*|)c itTiU@**) wTti| @?_ i?_ @?_

*@|ih O@tih @?_ OL| Ai itti?|@* _gihi?Ui t _i |i t|@|t @||@?4i?| @TThL@U

|@!i? M) |i 4ihU@?t ? UL?|h@t| |L |i ,hLTi@? U*@tt 4LM*|) @TThL@U BL*_|LhTi

@? UL**i@}it uLUt L? U*@tt 4LM*|) ihi@t *@ @?_ #?U@? EbS. T b @hi UL?Uih?i_

| RL |i t|@|t ?__@*t @Uii ? |ih U@hiiht t @giU|i_ M) |i t|@|tit

@tUhMi_ |L |i4 i@h*ih ? *uic tU @t |ih tLU@* Lh}?c i|?U t|@|tc hi}L? Lu Mh|c UL44?|)c @?_ T@hi?|@* u@4*)

At u?_@4i?|@* _gihi?Ui ? |ih4t Lu T*LtLTU@* L|*LL! *i_ |L _gihi?| t|@|t

|U@* |iU?^it Mi?} ti_ LM*|) |@M*it @hi t@**) it|4@|i_ M) *L}*?i@h 4L_i*t ? U Ui** uhi^i?Uit @hi it|4@|i_ Lh M) UL?_|L?@* *L}| ThLM@M*|) 4L_i*t tL4i|4it

?L*?} UL@h@|it `ihi@t t|@|t @||@?4i?| 4L_i*t @i t@**) Mii? it|4@|i_ M) e

(7)

hi}hittL? 4i|L_t

Aihi @hi tihLt t|@|t|U@* ThLM*i4t ? ML| @hi@t Lu |t *|ih@|hi tL4i Lu U

@i Mii? 4i?|L?i_ M) ki**i) Ebbf | hitTiU| |L |i ThLUi_hit ti_ M) BL*_|LhTi Aiti ?U*_i L4||i_ @h@M*it tU @t i_U@|L? @?_ u@4*) M@U!}hL?_ @h@M*it Aihi U@? Mi ?L _LM| |@| |ihi U@? Mi tMt|@?|@* ihhLht Lu ?|ihThi|@|L? @ht?}

uhL4 L4||i_ @h@M*it @t kLhi?4@? @?_ `?tT Ebbb tL ? |ih hi@?@*)tt Lu Ai i** hi | |i hi}hittL? 4L_i* ** @*tL tgih i? |ihi @hi L4||i_ @h@M*it Lh i? L?i 4ThLTih*) UL?_|L?t L? @? L|UL4i Lh @| iUL?L4i|hU@?t hiuih |L @t @?

i?_L}i?Lt @h@M*i

L?UiT|t *!i U*@tt< Lh t|@|t< ? 4LM*|) @?@*)tt @i Mii? Uh|U3i_ @?_ _tUtti_

|? tLUL*L}) M) *@U!Mh? @?_ h@?_) Ebb.c 5@@}i @?_ ,}ih|L? Ebb.c h@?_) EbbHc ?! Ebbbc Bht!) @?_ 5ƒhi?ti? EbbHc @?_ Bht!) @?_ `ii_i? E2ff

`*i |iti Uh|Ut4t @hi U*i@h*) @*_ |i) }L L?*) T@h| Lu |i @) ? _i@*?} | |i 4i|L_L*L}U@* @?_ |iLhi|U@* _i€Ui?Uit Lu |t |)Ti Lu @TThL@U h@?_) t}}it|t |@|

|i ?|ihit|?} LMiU| t ?L| 4LM*|) M| 44LM*|) U i 4i@?t |i hiThL_U|L? Lu

@_@?|@}i ?L|ih 4TLh|@?| tti t |@| ? 4U Lu |i *|ih@|hi L? U*@tt M@ti_ tLU@*

4LM*|) |ihi t ?L U*i@h Lh_ih?} Lu tLU@* U*@ttitc @ TL?| i4T@t3i_ M) ki**i) Ebbf T 2D2.c uLh i @4T*i `i ** @h}i ? |i ?i | |L tiU|L?t |@| U*@ttit 4t| Mi Lh_ihi_ M) |i i*u@hi Lu |ih 4i4Miht u |i UL?UiT| Lu U*@tt t |L Mi @ tiu* UL?UiT|

Ai 4TLh|@?Ui Lu U*@tt @t @? Lh}@?3?} Th?UT*i t ? T@h| @? i4ThU@* tti OLiih | t ?L| tii? ? |t @) ? |i *|ih@|hi @?_ U*@tt€U@|L? tUi4it @hi ?L|

tii? @t |it|@M*i )TL|itit t i ** tL t?} |i #@?t _@|@ U*@tt tUi4@|@c @t hiThiti?|i_ M) T@h@4i|ih hit|hU|L?tc U@? Mi hiiU|i_ M) |i _@|@ i? |i UL?t||i?|

LUUT@|L? @h@M*it @hi ti_ ? 4L_i*t U ?U*_i T@hi?|t< ?UL4ic i_U@|L?@* *ii*c

@?_ }i?_ih

6?@**)c 5ƒhi?ti? EbHS @?_ bbb ? t Uh|^it Lu 4LM*|) @?@*)tt *@4i?|t |i

@Mti?Ui Lu tL?_ |iLhi|U@* uL?_@|L?t Lu 4LM*|) |@M*it `@| i @t ? 4?_ @hi 4L_i*t ? U LUUT@|L?@* ULUi @?_ *@MLh 4@h!i| U@h@U|iht|Ut UL?|hM|i |L |i i T*@?@|L? Lu 4LM*|)

Ah??} ?L |L |i *|ih@|hi L? iUL?L4U 4LM*|) i@h??}t u?U|L?t @i Mii?

@?@*)3i_ M) ML| iUL?L4t|t @?_ tLUL*L}t|t ,@h*) UL?|hM|L?t M) 6i@|ih4@? @?_

O@tih Eb.Hc @t i 4i?|L?i_ ? |i ?|hL_U|L?c @?_ 4Lhi hiUi?|*)c kLhi?4@? @?_

`?tT Ebbb @4L?} 4@?) L|iht @||i4T| |L tii L ti?t|i @? ?__@*<t i@h??}t

@hi |L u@4*) M@U!}hL?_ @h@M*it *!i T@hi?|<t i_U@|L?c T@hi?|@* i@h??}t @?_ L|ih

?ih|i_ U@h@U|iht|Ut t*}|*) _gihi?| @TThL@U t uL**Li_ M) |!?tL? i| @*

EbHc #i@h_i? i| @* Ebb.c @?_ |i Lh! Lu 5L*L? Ebbb @?_ |i T@Tiht U|i_ |ihi

? U |i hi*@|L? Mi|ii? u@|ih<t @?_ tL?<t ?UL4i t i @4?i_ `*i |t )i*_t @

D

(8)

t4T*i ?_i Lu 4LM*|)c ?@4i*) |i hi}hittL? ULiUi?| @||@Ui_ |L |i *L}@h|4 Lu |i u@|ih<t ?UL4ic |iti 4L_i*t @hi ?L| ih) ?uLh4@|i @ML| |i 4iU@?t4 ?_ih*)?}

|i ThLUitt ihiM) L?i }i?ih@|L? _iTi?_t L? |i L?i U ThiUi_i_ |

U Lu |t *|ih@|hi €?_t |@| @h@M*it U _itUhMi |i tLU@* @?_ iUL?L4U UhU4t|@?Uit ? U U*_hi? }hi T @hi 4TLh|@?| ? _i|ih4??} *@|ih tUUitt ML|

? |i i_U@|L?@* t)t|i4 @?_ ? *@MLh 4@h!i|t L?ti^i?|*)c Lh uLUt t L? Th4@h) Lh u?_@4i?|@* ?ih|@?Ui 4iU@?t4t U Lu Lh t|@|t|U@* @?@*)tt ** UL?Ui?|h@|i L? |it|?} |t )TL|itt W? T@h|U*@hc i ** i?_i@Lh |L _i|ih4?i i|ih |i

@h@|L? ? |Lti u@4*) M@U!}hL?_ @h@M*it |@| tL 4U 4ihU@? hiti@hU @t uL?_

4TLh|@?| ? _i|ih4??} ?__@* *ui |4i U@?Uit t }hi@|ih |? tLU@* U*@ttit |@?

Mi|ii? tLU@* U*@ttit

,UL?L4i|hU Wttit W? LM*|) ?@*)tt

Aihi @hi @ ?4Mih Lu iUL?L4i|hU @?_ t|@|t|U@* ttit |@| @hi Lu|i? }?Lhi_ ? |i

@?@*)tt Lu ?|ih}i?ih@|L?@* 4LM*|) _@|@ @?) Lu |iti thu@Ui_ ? |i @u|ih4@|

Lu |i TM*U@|L? Lu Ai i** hi M) Oihh?t|i? @?_ hh@) Ebbe U Lu |i Uh|Ut4 Lu |t Lh! uLUti_ L? |i t|@|t|U@* 4i|L_L*L}) |@| |i @|Lht i4T*L)i_

N?uLh|?@|i*)c |i *ittL?t *i@h?i_ uhL4 |t } ThL€*i UL?|hLiht) @i ?L| Mii? u**)

@MtLhMi_ M) hiti@hUiht ? |i @hi@ tL i |?! | t @TThLTh@|i |@| @ ih) U@hiu*

i@*@|L? Lu |i ThLUi_hit |@| @hi UL44L?*) ti_ ? |i @?@*)tt Lu ?|ih}i?ih@|L?@*

4LM*|) Mi ?_ih|@!i?

AL € _i@t i t|@h| | @ _i€?|L? Lu 4LM*|) TihuiU|*) 4LM*i tLUi|) t L?i ? U ?L?i Lu |i U@h@U|iht|Ut TL? U @? ?__@*<t tUUitt _iTi?_t t ?ih|i_

uhL4 |@| ?__@*<t T@hi?|t At t t4*@h |L @| L*it @?_ B?|t Eb.S @_ ? 4?_ M| |t t ?L| |i t@4i @t |i UL?UiT| Lu @ 4ih|LUh@|U tLUi|) €ht| @_@?Ui_

M) vL?} EbDH L _i€?i_ ?__@* 4ih| @t ?|i**}i?Ui @?_ igLh| |L}i|ih< W? @ 4ih|LUh@|U tLUi|) iUL?L4U @?_ tLU@* hi@h_t @hi _i|ih4?i_ M) |i U@h@U|iht|Ut

|@| @? ?__@* Mh?}t |L |i *@MLh 4@h!i| ?_iTi?_i?|*) Lu |i @) ? U |i) ihi @U^hi_ | L?Ui | t @_4||i_ |@| |ihi @hi @tTiU|t Lu ?|i**}i?Ui EtL4i|4it

|i |ih4c @M*|)c t ti_ ?t|i@_ Lu ?|i**}i?Uie Lh L|ih @||hM|it |@| @hi T@tti_ uhL4 L?i }i?ih@|L? |L |i ?i | |i |L UL?UiT|t MiUL4i ^|i _t|?U|

6Rq sdjh ; wkh| zulwh _11hfrqrplf prelolw|0l1h1/ wkh ghjuhh wr zklfk hfrqrplf vxffhvv +lqfrph ru rffxsdwlrqdo vwdwxv, lv lqghshqghqw ri idplo| edfnjurxqg ri lqglylgxdov11

7Iru h{dpsoh/ Fdzoh|/ Khfnpdq dqg Y|wodflo +5334 s1 753, zulwh= _Lq d ixoo| phulwrfudwlf vrflhw|/

wkhuh zrxog eh d vlqjoh zdjh sd|phqw iru delolw|/ luuhvshfwlyh ri wkh udfh dqg jhqghu ri wkh shuvrq lq zkrp wkh delolw| lv hperglhg%1

S

(9)

`*i |i _i€?|L? Lu @M*|) t @ tMiU| |@| }i?ih@|it 4U _tT|i @4L?} tLU@*

tUi?|t|t ?L*i_ ? |t _i|ih4?@|L? i Mi*ii |@| |ihi @hi hi@tL?@M*i 4i@thit Lu

@M*|) @@*@M*i @?_ |@| |i) U@? Mi ti_ ? @ ThL€|@M*i @) ? |i t|_) Lu iUL?L4U

@?_ tLU@* tUUitt Eai?U!t i| @* Eb.2c hhL i| @* E2fffc @?_ 5@@}i E2fff Ai UL?UiT| Lu @M|t 4@) Mi ti_ @t @ _itUhT|L? Lu |i |L|@* @M*|) @ TihtL? @tG @ ThL ) uLh @** !?_t Lu @M*|) Etii Lh_i @?_ @ttihL? Eb.. @?_ Lh_i EbHS W? Th@U|Uic |iti _i€?|L?@* ThLM*i4t @i ?L| Thii?|i_ tLU@* tUi?|t|t uhL4 t?}

|i UL?UiT| @?_c @t t |i U@ti ? 4@?) 4L_ih? t|_it ?L*?} i@h??}t u?U|L?tc

??@|i @M*|) UL*_ Mi T@h|*) ?ih|i_ @?_ T*@)t @? 4TLh|@?| hL*i ? _i|ih4??} |i

@4L?| Lu i_U@|L? LM|@?i_D

t i @i t|@|i_ i@h*ihc ?ih|@?Ui 4iU@?t4t _i|ih4?i 4LM*|) AL 4T*i4i?|

|t _i@ i UL?t|hU| |i t4T*it| TLttM*i 4L_i* Lu ?|ih}i?ih@|L?@* ?UL4i _)?@4Ut W| t @ 4L_i* Lu ?__@* i@h??}t @?_ i_U@|L?@* @||@?4i?| @?_ | tTiU€it L 4i4Miht Lu }i?ih@|L? | _iTi?_ L? }i?ih@|L? |  Oi?Uic | t @ 4UhLiUL?L4U 4L_i*

M| | tihit @t |i uL?_@|L? uLh 4@UhLiUL?L4U @}}hi}@|it *!i |i _t|hM|L? Lu i@h??}t L?ti^i?|*)c ?|ih}i?ih@|L?@* 4LM*|) Mi|ii? ?UL4i }hLTt t _i|ih4?i_

M) @?_ U@? L?*) Mi ?_iht|LL_ ? |i UL?|i | Lu |i _)?@4Ut Lu |i 4L_i* U }i?ih@|it |i ?UL4i _t|hM|L? ? i@U }i?ih@|L? W| t Lh| ?L|?} @| |t TL?| |@|

4L_i*t Lu ?|ih}i?ih@|L?@* LUUT@|L?@* 4LM*|) |@| @hi tL UL44L? ? |i *|ih@|hi

*@U! |i 4UhLuL?_@|L?t |@| UL*_ Mi ThL_i_ M) 4L_i*t U i T*@? LUUT@|L?@*

ULUic tU @t |@| ThL_i_ M) @*i) i| @* Ebbb W? Lh i |t t @ tihLt _i€Ui?U) t?Ui |iti 4L_i*t UL*_ @| *i@t| tihi @t @ }_i @t |L @| tL*_ Mi ?U*_i_

@t UL@h@|it t i ** tii *@|ih UL?tt|i?| it|4@|L? Lu |i T@h@4i|iht ? 4LM*|) 4L_i*t t L?*) TLttM*i i? L4||i_ @h@M*i @?_ t4*|@?iLt i^@|L? M@tit @hi hi4Li_ 6Lh |t ThLTih 4L_i* tTiU€U@|L? t UhU@*

`i t|@h| M) tTiUu)?} @ 4L_i* U _itUhMit |i ?UL4i }i?ih@|L? ThLUitt `i

|i? _ihi |i ?UL4i _t|hM|L?t |@| @hti uhL4 |t ThLUitt Nt?} @h|€U@* _@|@

i it|4@|i |i T@h@4i|iht Lu |i ThLUitt uhL4 |i 4L_i* |ti*u @?_ uhL4 |i 4LM*|)

|@M*i |@| t }i?ih@|i_ M) |i 4L_i* @|h@**)c i? @** |i hi*i@?| @h@M*it U@? Mi LMtihi_ ML| @TThL@Uit )i*_ UL?tt|i?| T@h@4i|ih it|4@|it @?_ @t_i uhL4 Et|@|t|

U@* iUi?U) UL?t_ih@|L?t |ihi t ?L|?} |L _t|?}t |i4 ? |i L|ih @?_c i? |ihi @hi tL4i 4TLh|@?| @h@M*it |@| U@? ?L| Mi LMtihi_ M) |i hiti@hUih @?_

?UL4T*i|i _@|@ ti|t @i |L Mi ti_ |i? tihLt it|4@|L? ThLM*i4t @hti 6Lh |i

?UL4i }i?ih@|L? 4L_i*c U t @ t)t|i4 Lu i^@|L?tc |iti @hi i@t*) hi4i_i_ M) UL?i?|L?@* iUL?L4i|hU |iU?^it | |t t ?L| |i U@ti uLh |i it|4@|L? Lu |i ThLM@M*|) 4L_i*t |@| _itUhMi |i 4LM*|) _@|@ @h@4i|ih M@tit @hi t}?€U@?| @?_

i !?L Lu ?L @) Lu _i@*?} | |i4

8Vhh/ iru h{dpsoh/ Fdug +4<<<,/ Dqjulvw dqg Nuxhjhu +4<<<,/ dqg Fudzoh| hw do +4<<<,1

.

(10)

AL Mi tTiU€U UL?t_ih |i uL**L?} 4L_i* 6Lh }i?ih@|L? | *i| |i ?@|h@* *L}@

h|4t Lu ?__@* r ?UL4ic @M*|) @?_ UL4T*i|i_ *ii* Lu i_U@|L? Mi E+|c @|c e|

@?_ *i| |i t@4i iU|Lh uLh r T@hi?|t Mi E+c|3c @c|3c ec|3 Ai tMtUhT|t | @?_ |  hiuih |L |i |L }i?ih@|L?t Mi?} UL?t_ihi_ 5L4i|4it i ** hiuih |L |i €ht| }i?

ih@|L? @t |i T@hi?|<t }i?ih@|L? @?_ |i tiUL?_ @t |i U*_<t }i?ih@|L? `i @tt4i

|@| |i uL**L?} i^@|L?t }i?ih@|i |iti @h@M*it

+| ' kfn ke|n k2@|n |

e| ' qfn q+c|3n q2@|n | E2 ,^@|L? E t@)t |@| |i ?@|h@* *L}@h|4 Lu ?__@* r ?UL4i _iTi?_t L?

|i *L}@h|4t Lu @M*|) @?_ i_U@|L? |L}i|ih | @ h@?_L4 _t|hM@?Ui |ih4 Ai tiUL?_ i^@|L? tTiU€it |i *ii* Lu i_U@|L? @t @ t|LU@t|U *?i@h u?U|L? Lu T@hi?|@*

?UL4i @?_ @M*|) Aiti i^@|L?t @hi @tt4i_ |L L*_ uLh @** }i?ih@|L?t tL |@| +c|32

t |i ?UL4i Lu r }h@?_T@hi?|t<t W? @| uL**Lt |t t)t|i4 Lu i^@|L?t ** Mi hiuihhi_ |L @t @ t|hU|h@* 4L_i* @?_ |i ?__@* i^@|L?t @t t|hU|h@* i^@|L?t

W? |t 4L_i* @| t hiuihhi_ |L @t @M*|) W? |i 4L_i* | t _i|ih4?i_ h@?_L4*) uLh i@U }i?ih@|L? 4Lhi hi@*t|U hiThiti?|@|L? Lu ?|ih}i?ih@|L?@* _iTi?_i?Ui L*_

@i @| *i@t| T@h| Lu @ U*_<t @M*|) t ?ih|i_ uhL4 |t T@hi?|tS Oihi |i ?ih|@?Ui ThLUitt t *4|i_ |L |i igiU|t L? |i ?__@*<t *ui |4i LTTLh|?|it Lu |i iUL?L4U i**Mi?} Lu |i LtiL*_ ? U | hit_i_ @t @ U*_ A@| 4@) Mi |LL t4T*t|U

@t @? @UUh@|i _itUhT|L? Lu |i ThLUittit U _i|ih4?i ?|ih}i?ih@|L?@* i@h??}t 4LM*|) M| | t tUi?|*) }i?ih@* |L U@T|hi |i itti?|@* ttit

W? |i 4L_i* L|*?i_ @MLi |ihi t ?L ?_iTi?_i?| UL?UiT| Lu tLU@* Lh iUL?L4U U*@tt W| tc Liihc TLttM*i |L }i?ih@|i |iti uhL4 |i 4L_i* 5TTLti |@| |ihi @hi

?__@*t ? |i tLUi|) |@| |t 4L_i* _itUhMit Bi? i^@|L?t E uLh }i?ih@|L?t

| @?_ |  @?_ E2 |L}i|ih | _@|@ |@| t@|t€it |iti i^@|L?t | t TLttM*i |L }i?ih@|i @? ?UL4i _t|hM|L? Lh @ tLU@* U*@tt _t|hM|L? t?} @? ?_i M@ti_ L?

?__@* U@h@U|iht|Utc Lh ii? L|ih U@h@U|iht|Ut

W?U_i?|*)c | tL*_ Mi TL?|i_ L| |@| |ihi t @ tihLt *L}U@* ThLM*i4 |@| @htit i? tLUL*L}t|t Lh iUL?L4t|t UL?t|hU| @ 4LM*|) 4@|h U hi*@|it |i ?UL4i _t|hM|L?t Lu |L }i?ih@|L?t @?_ @||i4T|t |L i T*@? |i @ttLU@|i_ Ui** ThLM@M*|it

@t UL?_|L?@* ThLM@M*|it Lu _it|?@|L? U*@ttit i? |i Lh}? U*@ttit @hi @*tL L|UL4it Lu |i ?ih|@?Ui ThLUitt

9Dgglqj wkh htxdwlrq dlw@ dl>w4. zlwgrhv qrw fkdqjh dq| ri wkh frqfoxvlrqv1

H

(11)

AL tii @| |i t|@|t|U@* 4T*U@|L?t Lu |t 4L_i* @hi i i @4?i |t ThLTih|it t?} @? @h|€U@* _@|@ ti| U i UL?t|hU| |L 44U |i ui@|hit Lu @ hi@* _@|@ ti|

At t _L?i ? |i uL**L?} @) ** Lu |i t|LU@t|U ihhLh |ih4t @hi }i?ih@|i_ uhL4

|i ?Lh4@* h@?_L4 ?4Mih }i?ih@|Lh @?_ M) UL?t|hU|L? | @?_ | @hi ?_iTi?_i?|*)

?Lh4@**) _t|hM|i_ h@?_L4 @h@M*it | 3ihL 4i@?t @?_ ?| @h@?Uit Ai hit| Lu

|i @h@M*it @hi |i? }i?ih@|i_ M) |i 4L_i* t|@h|?} uhL4 i^@|L? E2 uLh }i?ih@|L?

| | @ h@?_L4 _h@?} Lu +c|32 uhL4 |i t|@|L?@h) _t|hM|L? Lu ?UL4i |@| |i t)t|i4 }i?ih@|it @h@4i|ih @*it @hi ULti? tL4i@| @hM|h@h*) M| |i) *i@_ |L hi@tL?@M*i @*it Lu ULhhi*@|L?t Mi|ii? @h@M*it

?Ui ?UL4it @i Mii? }i?ih@|i_ |i) U@? Mi h@?!i_ |L ThL_Ui @? ?UL4i _t|h M|L? uLh i@U }i?ih@|L? `i |i? t44@h3i |i ?UL4i _t|hM|L?t M) |hii i^@*

?UL4i U*@ttit ihi |i *Lih |h_ Lu |i ?UL4i _t|hM|L? t hiuihhi_ |L @t |i *L

?UL4i }hLT `i? t i^@* |L Sfff |ihi @hi 2fff 4i4Miht Lu i@U U*@tt ? i@U }i?ih@|L?

W?UL4i _t|hM|L?t @hi ?L| |i L?*) |)Tit Lu U*@tt t|hU|hit |@| UL*_ Mi }i?ih@|i_

M) |t 4L_i* 5L4i Lu |i i@h*) Lh! L? tLU@* 4LM*|) uLUtti_ L? |i Thit|}i Lu LUUT@|L?t< +itt @?_ #?U@? EbS hi}hitti_ |i t4 Lu |i t@hit Lu |i |LT |L U@|i}Lhit Lu |i Lh|O@|| Thit|}i tU@*i L? LUUT@|L?@* ?UL4i @?_ i_U@|L? |L }i|

@? LUUT@|L?@* tLULiUL?L4U ?_i

6L**L?} |t |h@_|L? | t TLttM*i |L }i?ih@|i @ tLULiUL?L4U ?_i U _i Ti?_t L? ?UL4i @?_ i_U@|L? @?_ |i? ?t|i@_ Lu }i?ih@|?} @ ti| Lu ?UL4i U*@ttit i UL*_ }i?ih@|i @ ti| Lu LUUT@|L?t U @hi h@?!i_ M) |ih Thit|}i @t _i|ih4?i_

M) |i ?_i Ai 4TLh|@?| TL?| ihi t ?L| i|ih L?i t UL?Uih?i_ | tLU@* h@?!

Lh ?UL4i ?i^@*|) M| |@| |i 4L_i* }i?ih@|it ML| |)Tit Lu U*@tt _t|hM|L?t Ai 4L_i* _itUhMi_ @MLi t @ 4L_i* Lu ?|ih}i?ih@|L?@* 4LM*|) @?_ it|4@|?}

|t T@h@4i|iht |i**t t iih)|?} i ?ii_ |L !?L @ML| 4LM*|) 5LU@* tUi?|t|t @i

@TThL@Ui_ |i ThLM*i4 Lu t|@|t|U@* ?uihi?Ui ? 4LM*|) 4L_i*t i|ih M) it|4@|?}

tL4i Lu |i T@h@4i|iht ? i^@|L?t E @?_ E2. Lh M) UL?t|hU|?} 4LM*|) |@M*it @?_

|i? it|4@|?} |i T@h@4i|iht U U@h@U|ih3i |ih Ui** uhi^i?Uit Lh Ui** ThLM@M*

|it A@M*i  _tT*@)t |i uhi^i?Uit |@| @hti uhL4 |i 4L_i* t| _itUhMi_ t?} |i T@h@4i|ih @*it *t|i_ @| |i |LT Lu |i |@M*i Ai ?4Miht ? t^@hi Mh@U!i|t @hi |i uhi^i?Uit Thi_U|i_ M) |i ThLM@M*|) 4L_i* ?_ih*)?} |i 4LM*|) |@M*i

`i hit|hU| Lh @?@*)tt |L |i U@ti ihi | t 4TLttM*i |L LMtihi @M*|) At t Uih|@?*) @ hi@*t|U U@ti |L i @4?i ii? i? |ihi t @? @}hii_ _i€?|L? Lu |i

:Fohduo|/ wkh vhw sdudphwhuv zklfk fdq eh hvwlpdwhg ghshqgv rq zkdw gdwd lv dydlodeoh1 Gxh wr gdwd olplwdwlrqv pdq| vwxglhv frqqh wkhlu dqdo|vlv wr wkh h{dplqdwlrq wkh uhodwlrqvkls ehwzhhq |lwdqg |l>w4

Vhh Vrorq +4<<<,1

b

(12)

Aw, 

5LU@* LM*|) A@M*i kf '  k ' fD k2 ' fD qf '  q ' fD q2 ' fD

#it|?@|L? wL W?UL4i i_4 W?UL4i O} W?UL4i h}?wL W?UL4i HSdHS2So S.2dSSDo eS.de.bo

i_4 W?UL4i SH2dSSbo SSdSHSo SDDdSee.o O} W?UL4i eD.deS2.o SSDdSHSo H.HdHHDo

|ih4 M| | 4i@?t |@| ?L it|4@|it Lu k2 Lh q2 U@? Mi LM|@?i_ W| @*tL **t|h@|it |i t|@|t|U@* ThLM*i4t |@| @hti i? hiti@hUiht @hi ?L| @M*i |L LMtihi @** |i @||hM|it Lu ?__@*t ? |i t@4T*i L?t|hU|?} |t @h|€U@* _@|@ ti| uhL4 @ 4L_i* Lti t|hU|hi @?_ T@h@4i|iht @hi !?L? @**Lt t |L UL4T@hi |i it|4@|L? ThLUi_hit uLh i@U |)Ti Lu 4L_i* @?_ |i? _iU_i U @TThL@U )i*_t |i Mi||ih hiti@hU t|h@|i}) Wt | Mi||ih |L it|4@|i |i T@h@4i|iht Lu |i t|hU|h@* 4L_i* Lh |i ThLM@M*|) 4L_i*t

?_ih*)?} |i 4LM*|) |@M*iq

,t|4@|?} |i T@h@4i|iht Lu |i LMtih@M*i @h@M*itc Ekfc kc qfc q ? i^@|L?t E @?_ E2 t t|h@}|uLh@h_ i|ih M) t)t|i4 4@ 44 *!i*LL_ EML| i^@|L?t t4*|@?iLt*) Lh M) @?) ?t|h4i?|@* @h@M*i ThLUi_hi Aiti it|4@|it @hi tL?

? |i tiUL?_ UL*4? Lu A@M*i 2 |L}i|ih | |ih t|@?_@h_ ihhLht ? Mh@U!i|t Mi*L

|i it|4@|i t|@h ?_U@|it |@| |i T@h@4i|ih t t}?€U@?| @| |i D I *ii* ** Lu

|i it|4@|it @hi |? |L t|@?_@h_ ihhLht Lu |i |hi @*i Lu |i T@h@4i|ih tL |i)

@hi UL?tt|i?| ? tT|i Lu |i u@U| |@| |i @M*|) @h@M*i t 4tt?} uhL4 ML| i^@|L?t W| t @*tL TLttM*i |L it|4@|i |i *@h}ih t)t|i4 UL?tt|?} Lu i^@|L?t Ec E2c @?_ E

uLh }i?ih@|L? |  M) |i }i?ih@*3i_ 4i|L_ Lu 4L4i?|t EB u +|32c t @@*@M*i

@t @? ?t|h4i?| OLiihc 4@ 44 *!i*LL_ it|4@|it Lu |t *@h}ih t)t|i4 @hi ?L|

UL?tt|i?| 6Lh ULih@}i Lu |i iUL?L4i|hU |ih4t ti_ ihi tii Bhii?i E2fff

,t|4@|L? Lu Lh_ihi_ ThLM@M*|) 4L_i*tc L? |i L|ih @?_c t ThLM*i4@|U `i?

@| t ?L| LMtih@M*i | @t |L Mi |hi@|i_ @t T@h| Lu |i ihhLh |ih4 At 4i@?t |@| +| t

?Lh4@**) _t|hM|i_ | 4i@? >| ' kfn k2e| @?_ @h@?Ui j|2 ' k2@oE@| n j2 @?_

UL?_|L?@* L? e| | t ?_iTi?_i?| Lu +c|3 w!itic +c|3 t ?Lh4@**) _t|hM|i_ | 4i@? >c|3' kfn k2ec|3 @?_ @h@?Ui j2|3' k2@oE@|3 n j2 W| t i** !?L? |@|

f

(13)

|i 4@h}?@* Ui** ThLM@M*|it @hi }i? M) |i i^@|L?t

R& ' hi+& wj ' xEw >&

j& E

R2& ' hiw +& w2j ' xEw2 >&

j& xEw >&

j& Ee

R& ' hi+&: wj '  xEw2 >&

j& ED

ihi & ' | Lh | c x t |i U4*@|i ?| ?Lh4@* _t|hM|L? u?U|L?c w w2

@hi |hitL*_ TL?|t |L Mi it|4@|i_c @?_ j2 t |i @h@?Ui Lu c|3 @?_ | U t

@tt4i_ |L Mi i^@* |L L?i +i@_iht ?L| u@4*@h | Lh_ihi_ ThLM@M*|) 4L_i*t **

€?_ @__@*@ EbH @ tiu* hiuihi?Ui

6hL4 |i UL?_|L?@* ?_iTi?_i?Ui Lu +| @?_ +c|3 | *L}U@**) uL**Lt |@| |i L?|

_t|hM|L? +| @?_ +c|3 t |i ThL_U| Lu |i 4@h}?@* _t|hM|L?t tL |@| |i Ui**

ThLM@M*|it U@? Mi h||i? @t REc c ' Rc|3R| Lti T@h@4i|iht U@? Mi it|4@|i_ M) 4@ 43?} |i t@4T*i *!i*LL_ u?U|L? W| t @*tL TLttM*i |L it|4@|i kf @?_ k uhL4

|i 4@h}?@* _t|hM|L? Lu +| @*L?iH Aiti it|4@|it @hi tL? ? |i |h_ UL*4?

Lu |@M*i 2 |L}i|ih | |L @__|L?@* }@44@ T@h@4i|iht U @hti i? |i |ih4 Jn 2J2 t @__i_ |L >| J@?_ J2 @hi _44) @h@M*it U |@!i |i @*i  u r T@hi?|t ihi ? |i *L Lh 4i_4 ?UL4i }hLTc hitTiU|i*)

Aiti it|4@|it @hi ?L| UL?tt|i?| Aihi t ?L it|4@|i Lu kf t?Ui |i ThLUi_hi it|4@|it Ew kf*j|c Ew2 kf*j| @?_ k*j|c M| |i it|4@|i Lu |i *@t| ULiUi?|

Lihit|4@|it |t |hi @*i M) 4Lhi |@? uLh|) TihUi?| @?_ @| t 4Lhi _t|hM?} | u@*ti*) @||hM|it t}?€U@?| igiU|t |L T@hi?|t< ?UL4it @t i_i?Ui_ M) |i t}?€U@?|

@*it Lu |i T@hi?|@* ?UL4i }hLT T@h@4i|ihtc Ec 2c U @hi ?L| hi*@|i_ |L |i ThLUitt Lu @U^h?} i_U@|L?@* t!**t W| t U*i@h |@| i? i_U@|L? ? i^@|L? E t hiT*@Ui_ M) |t _i€?i_ @*i ? i^@|L? E2 +| @?_ +c|3@hi ULhhi*@|i_ `i? @M*|) t L4||i_ uhL4 i^@|L? E @?_ T@hi?|<t ?UL4i t ?U*_i_ | MiUL4it t}?€U@?| ? _U@|?} |@| |ihi t tL4i tLh| Lu ?|ih}i?ih@|L?@* ?UL4i igiU| | |t t tThLt

@?_ | @TTi@ht MiU@ti @M*|) t 4tt?} uhL4 i^@|L? E

AL uh|ih TL?|t @hi Lh| ?L|?} 6ht| |i T@h@4i|ih M@tit *i@_ |L M@tit ?

|i L__t Lu @TThL 4@|i*) |i t@4i t3i @t |i T@h@4i|ih M@titc @*|L} L__t h@|Lt

@hi *itt @giU|i_ 5iUL?_*)c ii? i? @M*|) t ?L| ?U*_i_ ? |i 4L_i* |t _Lit ?L|

Thii?| | uhL4 €||?} |i _@|@ hi@tL?@M*) i** Ai ?4Miht ? t^@hi Mh@U!i|t ? A@M*i

;Erwk surfhgxuhv |lhog yhu| vlplodu hvwlpdwhv dqg wkh| erwk |lhog frqvlvwhqw hvwlpdwhv ri +3> 4> 5> 3> 4> 5, lq wkh fdvh zkhq delolw| fdq eh revhuyhg1



(14)

Aw, 2

@h@4i|ih ,t|4@|it 6Lh 5|hU|h@*

?_ hLM@M*|) L_i*t

V@h@M*it ?_ Ahi +i}hittL? V@h@M*it ?_ Ahi hLM@M*|)

ttLU@|i_ V@*i L_i* ttLU@|i_ V@*i L_i*

@h@4i|ih @h@4i|ih

L?t|@?|G kJ f f2W Effee

,_U@|L?G k fD febSW ,_U@|L?G k*j| feeS fS2HW

Eff2 EffD

L?t|@?|G qf f fbb2W h}?G *j| f f2fW Eff2S W?UL4iG q fD febbW h}? G 2*j| f ffSHW

Efff

 @hi |i uhi^i?Uit Thi_U|i_ M) |i 4L_i* Lti T@h@4i|ih it|4@|it @TTi@h ? |i h}| @?_ T@?i* Lu A@M*i 2 `*i @?} }LL_ Thi_U|L?t t _ith@M*ic |i _L?t_i t |@| |i i@htL? 2 }LL_?itt Lu €| t|@|t|U _Lit ?L| hiiU| |i 4L_i* @*|L} | t LMLt*) ?L| ULhhiU|

W| t TLttM*i |L }i| UL?tt|i?| it|4@|it Lu kq*j| uhL4 |i hi_Ui_ uLh4 Lu |i 4L_i* U t LM|@?i_ M) tMt|||?} i^@|L? E2 uLh e| ? i^@|L? E | |t ULiUi?| UL4M?it ?uLh4@|L? L? |i igiU|t Lu i_U@|L? L? ?UL4i |L}i|ih | |i igiU|t T@hi?|@* ?UL4i L? |i U*_<t i_U@|L?@* @||@?4i?| 5?Ui |i L*i ThTLti Lu 4LM*|) t|_it t |L tiT@h@|i |iti igiU|t |t ?uLh4@|L? t Lu *||*i @*i

At i ihUti 4@) tii4 tL4i@| @hM|h@h) @?_ |L @ Uih|@? i |i?| | t ? |i ti?ti

|@| |i t3i Lu |i M@tit _iTi?_ L? |i T@h|U*@ht Lu |i T@h@4i|ih @*it ULti? OL iihc | tL*_ Mi U*i@h*) ?_iht|LL_ |@| |ihi t ?L|?} ?t@* @ML| |t T@h|U*@h ti| Lu t4*@|L?t W? @** Lu |i i @4T*it |@| i UL?t_ihi_ |i it|4@|i_ ULiUi?|t ihi @*@)t 4@?) t|@?_@h_ ihhLht @@) uhL4 |ih |hi @*it `i|ih |i M@tit @hi

|i?|)€i Lh €u|) TihUi?| Lh tL4i|?} i*ti _iTi?_t L? |i T@h@4i|ih @*it ULti?

5?Ui |i t4*@|L? 4L_i* t i |hi4i*) t4T*i i *i@i | |L tUiT|U@* hi@_iht |L i @4?i

|t ThLTih|it |i4ti*it

2

(15)

Aw,

#@?t 5LU@* LM*|) A@M*iG b.S2fff E'2ffS

#it|?@|L? *@tt W 2fff *@tt WW 2fff *@tt WWW 2fff *@tt WV 2fff h}?*@tt W b.S 2Dd2fo .Dde.bo 2.d2eDbo eDdeHDo

*@tt WW b.S HSd.Do S.d.DDo DdeSo fbdffeo

*@tt WWW b.S S.dSDSo Sd.f.o eHdeo HSdbeo

*@tt WV b.S eedeSfo SdS.So H.d.Ho HdHD2o

e ? ?@*)tt Lu #@?t LM*|) #@|@

Ai ThTLti Lu |i ThiLt tiU|L? @t |L }*}| tL4i Lu |i ThLM*i4t UL?Uih??}

t|@|t|U@* ?uihi?Ui U @hti ? |i @?@*)tt Lu 4LM*|) _@|@ i? tL4i Lu |i 4TLh

|@?| @h@M*it U@? ?L| Mi LMtihi_ M) |i hiti@hUih Ai 4T*U@|L?t Lu |Lti hit*|t @hi

|@| | t Thiuih@M*i ihiih TLttM*i |L it|4@|i |i t|hU|h@* i^@|L?t |@| }i?ih@|i

|i _@|@ ?_ih*)?} |i 4LM*|) |@M*it Lh TLttM*) |L ULLti |i _@|@ ? tU @ @) U t @4i?@M*i |L UL?tt|i?| it|4@|L? W? |t tiU|L? i ** |h? Lh @||i?|L? |L

|i it|4@|L? Lu ML| 4LM*|) M@ti_ ThLM@M*|) 4L_i*t @?_ *?i@h t|hU|h@* i^@|L?

4L_i*t t?} t@4T*i thi) _@|@ uhL4 @ #@?t *L?}|_?@* t|_) U _i?|€i_ @ ti|

Lu hitTL?_i?|t ? b.S @?_ |i? hithi)i_ |i4 ? 2fff

A@M*i UL?|@?t |i 4LM*|) _@|@ 6Lh |i )i@h 2fff @** ?__@*t ihi @tt}?i_

@ U*@tt M@ti_ L? |i ti| Lu LUUT@|L?@* }hLT?}t *t|i_ ? A@M*i e UUT@|L?@*

}hLT?}t _gih uLh |i )i@h b.S MiU@ti Lu U@?}it ? _i€?|L?t Lu LUUT@|L?t @?_

hi@tt}?4i?| Lu LUUT@|L?t |L _gihi?| U*@ttit Aiti LUUT@|L?t @hi *t|i_ ? A@M*i e |L}i|ih | |i U*@tt |L U |i) ihi @tt}?i_ ? b.S @?_ |i @ih@}i Lti L*_ ?UL4i Lu |i hitTL?_i?|<t ?UL4i ? |i )i@h 2fff Ai *@h}it| U@?}it LUUh ?

|i |hi@|4i?| Lu |i ti*ui4T*L)i_ T@h|*) MiU@ti Lu |i _iU*?i ? |i 4TLh|@?Ui Lu

@}hU*|hi ? #@?t tLUi|)

Ai LUUT@|L?@* U*@tt€U@|L?t @?_ 4i@? ?UL4it uLh i@U U*@tt @hi _tT*@)i_ ? A@M*i e uLh |i )i@h 2fffb Ai iUL?L4U< ui@|hit Lu |t |@M*i h@ti tihLt 4i|L_

<Khuh lqfrph phdqv krxvhkrog lqfrph1 Xqiruwxqdwho| wkh vxuyh| frqwdlqv qr lqirupdwlrq rq lqgl0



(16)

L*L}U@* ThLM*i4t uLh t 6Lh hi@tL?t L|*?i_ Mi*L i |?! |@| |i ?L|L? Lu U*@tt tL*_ ?L*i tL4i @tTiU| Lu i*u@hi @t U@h@U|ih3i_ M) |i 4@|ih@* i**Mi?} Lu |i

?__@*t ?_ih UL?t_ih@|L? 5|@M*i _i€?|L?t tL*_ Mi M@ti_ L? ThL€*it Lu ?_

_@* @h@M*it *!i ?UL4ic i@*|c @?_ *@MLh uLhUi T@h|UT@|L? Lih @ tUi?|*) *L?}

TihL_ |L hiiU| |i ?__@*<t *L?} |ih4 U@h@U|iht|Ut |L}i|ih | i_U@|L? @?_

UL?|@U| | t|@|i Lh}@?3@|L?t *!i |i Uh4?@* t|Ui t)t|i4 Lh *LU@* i*u@hi @}i?Uit t4T*i UL?ti^i?Ui Lu |t LMtih@|L? t |@| uLh @ U*@tt tUi4@ |L @i @?) 4i@??}

|i U@|i}Lhit 4t| Mi Lh_ihi_ A@| tc @** Lu |i 4i4Miht Lu *@tt W tL*_ Mi Mi||ih Lg ? tL4i ti?ti |@? |Lti ? *@tt WW i|U

At 4@) ?L| Mi |i U@ti uLh |i tUi4i ti_ |L UL?t|hU| |i #@?t U*@tt€U@|L?

t)t|i4 `i **t|h@|i |i TL?| M) t?} ?UL4i @t @? i @4T*i M| @| @TTi? |

?UL4i 4@) ih) i** Mi |hi uLh L|ih 4i@thit Lu i*u@hi *|L} |i tLU@* U*@ttit

@hi Lh_ihi_ M) 4i@? 4L?|*) LtiL*_ ?UL4it |ihi t 4Lhi ?UL4i @h@|L? |?

U*@ttit |@? Mi|ii? U*@ttit @t 4i@thi_ M) |i _gihi?Uit ? U*@tt 4i@?t 6h|ih4Lhic i@U U*@tt @t 4@?) u@4*it Lti ?UL4it @hi }ih |@? |i 4i@? ?UL4i Lu |i U*@tt

@MLi | Ai ThLTLh|L? Lu i@U U*@tt ? |t U@|i}Lh) t }i? M) n 54*@h*)c 3 t

|i ThLTLh|L? Lu |i U*@tt Lti ?UL4i t Mi*L |i 4i@? ?UL4i Lu |i U*@tt Mi*L

| 6Lh *@tt WW |iti ?4Miht @hi 2.e @?_ eH2 Aihi t @*tL UL?t_ih@M*i @h@|L?

? |i LUUT@|L?@* ?UL4i 4i@?t |? i@U U*@tt @t tL? M) |i _@|@ ? |i |h_

UL*4? Lu A@M*i e `| hitTiU| |L |t |)Ti Lu U*@tt€U@|L? |i @h@|L? ? i_U@|L?

? ML| }i?ih@|L?t 44Ut |@| Lu ?UL4i W| tc |ihiuLhic @h_ |L tii L |i @?@*)tt Lu |i tLU@* 4LM*|) _@|@ ? t44@h3i_ ? A@M*i U@? ThL_i @?) hi@* ?t}| ?|L

|i iUL?L4U 4LM*|) Lu ?__@*t @|iih |i 4i@thi Lu i*u@hi t Mi?} ti_

,UL?L4U 4LM*|) Lh i*u@hi 4LM*|)f |L ti @ MhL@_ih |ih4 t |i !i) tti ihi MiU@ti |t t @| 4@||iht ? |ih4t Lu ?ih|@?Ui 4iU@?t4t Ai @t| 4@Lh|) Lu

|i hiti@hU |@| i @i *LL!i_ @| ThL_it Lihi*4?} tTTLh| uLh |i ThLTLt|L?

|@| |i iUL?L4U @?_ tLU@* i?hL?4i?| Lu |i u@4*) ? U @? ?__@* @t h@ti_ t UhU@* ? _i|ih4??} |@| TihtL?<t *ui |4i U@?Uit hiThiti?|@|i t@4T*i Lu |t *|ih@|hi U tT@?t ML| iUL?L4Ut @?_ tLUL*L}) ?U*_it 6i@|ih4@? @?_

O@tih Eb.H T 2Dc L*it @?_ B?|t Eb.S T c kLhi?4@? @?_ `?tT E2fff T e.DSc @)ih Ebb. T ..ec #i@h_i? i| @* Ebb. T Sf @?_ 6tUih i| @*

EbbS T 222b ,i? |i @|Lht Lu Ai i** hic Oihh?t|i? @?_ hh@) Ebbec

@U!?L*i_}i |@| |ihi t @ hL*i uLh |i T@hi?|<t tLULiUL?L4U t|@|t @t @ _i|ih4?@?|

|i U*_<t tUUitt

ylgxdo lqfrphv iru wkh |hdu 5333 qru lv wkhuh dq| lqirupdwlrq rq wkh lqfrph ri wkh krxvhkrxog lq zklfk wkh uhvsrqghqw zdv eruq1

43Vhh Pxqn 5333 iru wkh frqfhsw ri zhoiduh fdslwdo1

e

(17)

Aw, e

UUT@|L?t *@tt L4TLt|L?t

?_ ih@}i W?UL4it

*@tt 4Mih L?t||i?| UUT@|L? ih@}i W?UL4i n 3

4Miht E5|@?_@h_ #i@|L?

W c2cce DeeD H2

E.e

WW DcSc. .e. 2.e eH2

E2feH

WWW Hcbcf Db. Df eH2

EH.S

WV  2e.e 2.

EHHf

Aw, e

2fff UUT@|L? 4Miht ?_ @4it UUT@|L? 4Mih @4i

 L?u@h4 w@h}i ,?|hiThi?iht 2 O} Bh@_i hLuittL?@*t

L?6@h4 i_4 ,?|hiThi?iht

e i_4 Bh@_i hLuittL?@*t D 5i*u,4T*L)i_ 54@** 6@h4iht S 5i*u,4T*L)i_ h@u|t4i?

. wL Bh@_i hLuittL?@*t H }hU*|h@* 54@** OL*_iht

b +L|?i L?@?@* `Lh!iht

f 5!**i_ `Lh!iht

 N?t!**i_ `Lh!iht

D

(18)

Aw, e

b.S *@tt 4Mihtc UUT@|L? @4it

?_ ih@}i W?UL4it

b.S *@tt 4Mih @4i W?UL4i

W L?u@h4 w@h}i ,?|hiThi?iht De2b

W L?6@h4 i_4 ,?|hiThi?iht bSb

WW L?6@h4 54@** ,?|hiThi?iht HD.

WW 5i*u,4T*L)i_ h@u| `Lh!iht Sfb

W 5i*u,4T*L)i_ hLuittL?@*t DH

W O}ih Bh@_i hLuittL?@*t e.HD

W wLih Bh@_i hLuittL?@*t e2Hb

W _4?t|h@|i * 5ih@?| e2.2

W h_?@h) 5|@|i ,4T*L)iit efSe

WWW +L|?i L?@?@* `Lh!iht .

WWW 5!**i_ w@MLh D2D

WV N?t!**i_ w@MLh 2HH

W w@h}i }hU*|h@* w@?_ OL*_iht 2b.

WW 54@** }hU*|h@* w@?_ OL*_iht 2HH2 WWW 5i*u,4T*L)i_ }hU*|h@* `Lh!iht fD

WV @_ }hU*|h@* `Lh!iht 2.H

S

(19)

e UUT@|L?@* LM*|)

W? tT|i Lu Lh hitih@|L?t @ML| LM*|) A@M*i it|4@|L? uLh |i t@!i Lu UL4T*i|i?itt

@?_ UL4T@h@M*|) i ** it|4@|i @ 4L_i* U |*3it |i 4LM*|) _@|@ +iti@hUiht

? |t @hi@ t@**) i4T*L) UL?_|L?@* 4*|?L4@* *L}| ThLM@M*|) 4L_i*t uLh |i @?@*

)tt Lu |t |)Ti Lu _@|@c @*|L} *L}*?i@h 4L_i*t @i Mii? ti_ A@| @t Lh ?|@*

t|h@|i}) M| i i Tihi?Ui_ UL?ih}i?Ui _U*|it tL i ti_ @? Lh_ihi_ ?Lh4@*

ThLM@M*|) 4L_i* | 4i@?

> ' B*?E}e n B27e%n P

/Jn PS

#onP)Ss

ES

ihi o @?_ s @hi _44) @h@M*it hiThiti?|?} |i hitTL?_i?|<t @?_ |i hitTL?_i?|<t u@|ih<t i_U@|L? *ii*tc hitTiU|i*) Aihi t ?L UL?t|@?| |ih4 ? |i 4i@? u?U|L?

t?Ui |@| t it|4@|i_ @t T@h| Lu |i ?Lh4@*3i_ |hitL*_ TL?|t }i t ?U*_i_ |L UL?|hL* uLh *uiU)U*i igiU|t W?t|i@_ Lu t?} @ }i?_ih _44) i UL*_ @i it|4@|i_

|i 4L_i* tiT@h@|i*) uLh 4i? @?_ L4i? M| |i t@4T*i t3it ihi |LL t4@** uLh |@|

@h@4i|ih it|4@|it @hi tL? ? A@M*i D uLh |i 4L_i* U ?U*_it @** @h@M*it i UiT|

@ ti| Lu _44) @h@M*it uLh u@|ih<t i_U@|L? U @t @ }hLT @hi ?L| t}?€U@?| Ai

|ih4t ? t^@hi Mh@U!i|t ? A@M*i @hi |i it|4@|i_ Ui** uhi^i?Uit M@ti_ L? |iti T@h@4i|ih it|4@|it

) *LL!?} @| |i ?Uhi@ti ? |i *!i*LL_ u?U|L? @t 4Lhi @h@M*it @hi ?U*_i_

| t @TT@hi?| |@| *i @}ic ti c @?_ |i Lh}? _44it @hi t}?€U@?| | t |i ti| Lu i_U@|L?@* _44it |@| ThL_i |i M*! Lu |i i T*@?@|L? W?U*_?} |iti i_U@|L?

_44it t _ith@M*i L? |i }hL?_t |@| |ih @Mti?Ui ?Uhi@tit |i L4||i_ @h@M*i M@t ThLM*i4 ? |i L|ih @?_c |ih ?U*tL? Uhi@|it @ M@t Lu @?L|ih tLh| t i ** @h}i *@|ihc i_U@|L? t @? L|UL4i< Lh i?_L}i?Lt @h@M*i @?_ _iTi?_t L?

T@hi?|@* M@U!}hL?_ @h@M*it @t i** @t @M*|) L?ti^i?|*)c @** Lu |i T@h@4i|ih it|4@|it ** Mi M@ti_ uLh |i t@4i hi@tL?t |@| |i) ihi ? |i i @4T*i M@ti_ L?

|i @h|€U@* _@|@ `*i |i i Tih4i?|@* hit*|t Lu |i ThiLt tiU|L? t}}it|i_ |@|

M@tit 4}| Mi Thiti?| | ThL_i_ ?L ?uLh4@|L? @t |L L M} |i) L*_ Mi OLiihc 5@@}i @?_ ,}ih|L? Ebb. T SS it|4@|i_ UL?_|L?@* *L}| 4L_i*t t?} _@|@ uhL4 |i h|t @|L?@* *_ #ii*LT4i?| 5|_) @?_ uL?_ ih) *@h}i _gihi?Uit ? it|4@|i_

ULiUi?|t @UhLtt @M*|) U@|i}Lhit Atc |i ThLM*i4 t hi@* @?_ TL|i?|@**) tihLt Ai it|4@|it ? A@M*i D @hti uhL4 |i 4L_i* U ?U*_it |i U*_<t i_U@|L?

44Zh glg hvwlpdwh dq xqrughuhg orjlw prgho edvhg rq d wkuhh fdwdjru| uhsuhvhqwdwlrq ri wkh wzr hgxfdwlrq yduldeohv1 Zkhq wklv lv frpsduhg zlwk wkh rughuhg surelw prgho zlwk wkh vdph uhgxfhg hgxfdwlrqdo yduldeohv wkh uhvxowv duh vlplodu1

.

(20)

Aw, D

@h@4i|ih ,t|4@|it 6Lh Ai LM*|) L_i* E'2ffS

V@h@M*i ?_ @h@4i|ih ,t|4@|i

ttLU@|i_ E5|@?_@h_ ,hhLh

@h@4i|ih

,?E}eG B fefW

Ef.H

5i G B2G f2e.W

h}? *@tt WG / EffDfeSDW

EffSH

h}? *@tt WWG /2 ffSW

Eff.H

h}? *@tt WWWG / f2H.

Eff.b

V@h@M*it W?U*_i_ w? w!i*LL_ 6?U|L?

L?i 2.eDf

n }i @?_ 5i 2SeHf2

n h}? *@tt E #44it 2DHHfS

n ? ,_U@|L? ES #44it 2H2

n 6@|ih<t ,_U@|L? ES #44it 2f

H

(21)

@?_ |i Lh}? _44it M| ?L| |i u@|ih<t i_U@|L? _44it Aiti it|4@|it @hLti ttTUL?t uLh |L hi@tL?t 6ht|c |i ULiUi?| Lu |i *@tt WW Lh}? _44) t ?L|

t}?€U@?|*) _gihi?| uhL4 |@| Lu *@tt WWW tL |@| _gihi?|@|L? ? |i 4__*i Lu |i 4LM*|) |@M*i t ?L| ?uLh4@|i Ai ThLM*i4 t |@| |t hit*| 4@) ?L| Mi ULhhiU|

Mi?} t| @? @h|u@U| Lu |i it|4@|L? ThLUi_hi Aihi t ?L @) Lu |i**?}c Liih 5iUL?_*)c 4LM*|) ?_i itc *!i |i 5LhhLU!t Eb.H ?_i c tL |@| 4LM*|) t }ih i? |i U*_<t i_U@|L? @h@M*it @hi ?L| ?U*_i_ @t hi}hittLht ? |i ThLM@M*|) 4L_i* *|L} |t 4@) @TTi@h thTht?} @| €ht| }*@?Ui |t t i @U|*) @| tL*_

@TTi? u |i u@|ih<t LUUT@|L? T*@)t @ t}?€U@?| hL*i ? |i i_U@|L?@* @||@?4i?|

*ii*t Lu |i ?i | }i?ih@|L? `|L| i_U@|L? |i 5LhhLU!t ?_i t fbDb( i?

i_U@|L? t ?U*_i_ | u@**t |L |i 4Lhi Mi*i@M*i *ii* Lu f.b2 `@| t LhhtL4i ihi t |@| *i@?} L| L|ih t}?€U@?| Lh}? @h@M*it 4@) *i@i @ 4LM*|) ?_i U t |LL }

e2 ,@h??}t LM*|)

t @? @*|ih?@|i |L |t h@|ih MhL@_ LUUT@|L?@* U*@tt€U@|L? i i @4?i |i _i|ih 4?@?|t Lu LtiL*_ i@h??}t 5?Ui |t @h@M*i t tL4i@| 4Lhi i*u@hi Lhi?|i_

|@? |iti LUUT@|L?@* U*@ttit i |?! |@| | t @ 4Lhi hi*i@?| 4i@thi L? U

|L M@ti 4LM*|) U@*U*@|L?t W? @__|L? | t L?i Lti @?@*)tt t *itt uh@}| | t|@|t|U@* ThLM*i4t ,@h??}t @?_ i_U@|L? i^@|L? T@h@4i|ih it|4@|it @hi _tT*@)i_

? A@M*i S Ai |L i^@|L?t @hi t4*@h |L i^@|L?t E @?_ E2 @MLi | @ iU|Lh Lu u@|ih<t LUUT@|L? @?_ i_U@|L?@* _44it hiT*@U?} u@|ih<t Lh T@hi?|t LtiL*_ ? UL4i t?Ui ?i|ih Lu |iti @t @@*@M*i ? |i thi) Ai ti Lu _44) @h@M*it ihi t @UUiT|@M*i ihi u |ihi t ?L t}?€U@?| |? U@|i}Lh) @h@|L? ? |iti @h@M*it2

`i uL**L kL*ih @?_ @|i Ebbf ? t?} |i 4i@? LtiL*_ ?UL4i Lu |i i_U@|L?@* }hLT |L U |i U*_ Mi*L?}t |L hiThiti?| |i U*_<t i_U@|L?@* @h@M*i

? i^@|L?t E @?_ E2 ?t|i@_ Lu @ ti| Lu _44) @h@M*it At t4T*€it |i @?@*)tt UL?t_ih@M*) @*|L} | 4@) ?|hL_Ui tL4i 4i@thi4i?| ihhLh ?|L |i t)t|i4

** Lu |i @h@M*it @hi t}?€U@?| | ti @?_ @}i Mi?} |i 4Lt| 4TLh|@?| `*i t}?€U@?|c ?U*_?} L? i_U@|L? _Lit ?L| *i@_ |L |i t@4i *@h}i ?Uhi@ti ? |i

*!i*LL_ u?U|L? |@| LUUhhi_ ? |i ThLM@M*|) 4L_i* ?_ih*)?} |i 4LM*|) |@M*i __?} LUUT@|L? |L @}i @?_ ti *i@_t |L @ t}?€U@?| ?Uhi@ti ? |i *!i*LL_ u?U|L?

@?_ |i ?Uhi@ti t 4U *@h}ih |@? @__?} |i Lh}? tLU@* U*@tt |L U |i u@|ih Mi*L?}i_ L?ti^i?|*)c i? | UL4it |L i@h??}t 4LM*|)c Lh}? tLU@* U*@tt ThL_it

?L tiu* ?uLh4@|L? |@| t ?L| @*hi@_) UL?|@?i_ ? |i u@|ih<t LUUT@|L? @?_ |ihi

45Vhh Euhvodz dqg PfLqwrvk +4<<;, iru d glvfxvvlrq ri vrph ri wkh sureohpv wkdw dulvh zkhq rughuhg fdwhjrulfdo yduldeohv duh uhsuhvhquhg e| d vhw ri gxpp| yduldeohv1

b

(22)

Aw, S

@h@4i|ih ,t|4@|it 6Lh Ai 5|hU|h@* L_i* E'H.

,@h??}t V@h@M*it ,t|4@|i ,_U@|L? V@h@M*it ,t|4@|i

?_ ttLU@|i_ Eti ?_ ttLU@|i_ Eti

@h@4i|iht @h@4i|iht

,_U@|L?G k 2beW

,?E}eG k2 EfffHbSW ,?E}eG q2 HW

Eff. EffDD

5i G k ffe 5i G q ffHHW

Eff2e Eff.

V@h@M*it W?U*_i_ w? w!i*LL_ 6?U|L?

L?i 2Dee2f

n ,?E}e @?_ 5i 2f.S

n 6@|ih<t UUT@|L? Ee _44it 2f2f.

n 6@|ih<t ,_U@|L? ES _44it 2ffbS

n ? ,_U@|L? 2fffSS

t tiu* ?uLh4@|L? UL?|@?i_ ? |i _i|@*i_ LUUT@|L?@* tTiU€U@|L? |@| hiti@hUiht L*_ ?L| @i @UUitt |L u |i) uLUti_ L?*) L? tLU@* U*@tt Lh}?t

t i 4i?|L?i_ ? |i _tUttL? Lu |i @h|€U@* _@|@ i^@|L? 4@ 44 *!i*LL_

it|4@|L? Lu |i t)t|i4 UL?tt|?} Lu |i i@h??}t @?_ i_U@|L? i^@|L?t L*_ ThL _Ui UL?tt|i?| T@h@4i|ih it|4@|it 54*|@?iLt i^@|L? it|4@|L? U*i@h*) 4@!it @ _gihi?Ui ihi t?Ui |i Lh_?@h) *i@t| t^@hit it|4@|i Lu |i *L}@h|4 Lu |i i_U@|L?

@h@M*i t fHef U t tMt|@?|@**) Mi*L |i it|4@|i tL? ? A@M*i S i@thi 4i?| ihhLh M@tit @TTi@h ?L| |L ih) 4TLh|@?| t?Ui |i B it|4@|it uLh |t t)t|i4

@hi t4*@h |L |Lti hiTLh|i_ ? A@M*i S

D #tUttL?

Aihi @hi |L ^|i tiT@h@|i @TThL@Uit |L |i t|_) Lu tLU@* @?_ iUL?L4U 4LM*|)

@?) hiti@hUiht @i uLUtti_ L? LUUT@|L? M@ti_ U*@tt 4LM*|) +iThiti?|@|i Lu

|t ih) *@h}i *|ih@|hi t OL| @?_ O@tih Ebb2c BL*_|LhTi EbH. Lh ,h!tL? @?_

BL*_|LhTi Ebb2 @*|L} |ihi t UL?t_ih@M*i _iht|) @?_ _t@}hii4i?|t @?_ UL?|hL iht) @4L?} tLU@* 4LM*|) @?@*)t|t |ih hiti@hUiht @i UL?Ui?|h@|i_ L? i@h??}t

2f

(23)

4LM*|) ,@h*) t|_it ?U*_i 6i@|ih4@? @?_ O@tih Eb.Hc |!?tL? i| @* EbH

@?_ 4Lhi hiUi?|*) #i@h_i? i| @* Ebb.

Aihi @hi @ ?4Mih Lu ttit |L Mi UL?t_ihi_ ihi Ai €ht| UL?Uih?t |i @}}hi}@

|L? Lu LUUT@|L?t ?|L U*@ttit @?_ i|ih |t U@? Mi t|€i_ L? t|@|t|U@* }hL?_t 5iUL?_*)c |ihi @hi ih) M@tU ^it|L?t ?L*?} |i ULUi Lu @| t ?U*_i_ ? |i MhL@_ }hLT?}t Lu Lh}? @?_ _it|?@|L? LUUT@|L?t @?_ i|ih |iti U*@tt tUi4@|@

U@? Mi ?uLh4@|i @ML| |i tti Lu tLU@* Lh iUL?L4U 4LM*|) @?_ @ |h_ t i|ih

|i UL?t||i?| LUUT@|L?tc |i4ti*itc @i tUi?| UL?|i?| |L i T*@? @ t}?€U@?|

ThLTLh|L? Lu |i @h@|L? ? |i @? ?__@*<t tUUitt 6?@**)c |ihi @hi tL4i ThLM

*i4t | i@h??}t 4LM*|) 4L_i*t |@| ?ii_ |L Mi 4i?|L?i_

U*@tt€U@|L? tUi4i t @? @}}hi}@|L? h*i U 4TLtit |i UL?_|L? |@| |i hi}hittL? ULiUi?|t @hi |i t@4i uLh @** |i LUUT@|L?t ? i@U }hLT Lh U*@tt 5ii?

|t @) | t t|h@}|uLh@h_ |L U@hh) L| @ *!i*LL_ h@|L |it| |L tii i|ih |i U*@tt€U@|L? tUi4i t UL?tt|i?| | |i _@|@ `i uL?_ |@| uLh |i i@h??}t _@|@

|@| |i #@?t tLU@* U*@tt€U@|L? tUi4i @t ?L| tTTLh|i_ Ai hit*|t uLh |i 4LM*|) |@M*i @hi ?L| tL U*i@h t?Ui |i) _iTi?_ L? U UL@h@|it @hi ?U*_i_ @t hi}hittLht `i? L? i_U@|L? t ?U*_i_ ?L t}?€U@?| 4ThLi4i?| ? |i *!i*LL_

u?U|L? t LM|@?i_ M) i U@?}?} |i U*@tt Lh}? _44it uLh |i LUUT@|L? _44it

| i? L? i_U@|L? t ?L| ?U*_i_ |i )TL|itt |@| @** Lu |i LUUT@|L?t @i

|i t@4i ULiUi?| @t |i L|ih LUUT@|L?t ? |ih U*@tt t t|hL?}*) hiiU|i_ M) |i _@|@ 5?Ui |i _ih@|it Lu |i @?@*)tt *!i L__t h@|Lt ** t@hi |i M@tit Lu |i T@h@4i|ih it|4@|it |@| @hti MiU@ti ?@hh@?|i_ hit|hU|L?t ihi 4TLti_ L? |i it|4@|i_ 4L_i* L?i tL*_ i @?) UL?U*tL?t | UL?t_ih@M*i U@hi ?*itt tL4i t|@|t|U@* t|€U@|L? t }i? uLh |i h*it U _i|ih4?i U*@tt 4i4MihtT

| |t t t| @ t)4T|L4 Lu @ 4Lhi u?_@4i?|@* 4i|L_L*L}U@* ThLM*i4 @?) tLU@* 4LM*|) 4L_i*t @TTi@h ?L| |L Mi t|@|t|U@**) hiThL_UM*i ? |i ti?ti |@| |i Lh}? U*@tt€U@|L?t @hi ?L| t}?€U@?| ? |i i T*@?@|L? Lu |i _it|?@|L? U*@tt€U@|L?t i? L|ih hi}hittLht @hi @@*@M*i +iThL_UM*|) t ?iUitt@h) uLh |i T@h@_}4 |L Mi

@ tiu* L?i

`| hi}@h_ |L |i tiUL?_ tti |i UhU@* ^it|L?t @hi i|ih |i LUUT@|L?@*

}hLTt U@? Mi Lh_ihi_ ? tL4i 4i@??}u* @) At 4i@?t |@| |ihi t tL4i @) Lu h@?!?} |i U*@ttit ? U ?__@*t ? _gihi?| U*@ttit @||@? _gihi?| *ii*t Lu i*

u@hi ? |ih4t Lu |ih i@h??}t Lh UL?t4T|L? i Ti?_|hic i4T*L)4i?| LTTLh|?|itc Lt?} @?_ tULL* ^@*|)c i@*| U@hi @UUittM*|) Lh tL4i ?_i ?4Mih M@ti_ L? |iti

|i4t h hi@tL? uLh |@!?} |t TLt|L? t M@ti_ L? |i Thit4T|L? |@| |iti U@h

@U|iht|Utc U @hi 4Lhi ThLTih*) tii? @t ui@|hit Lu LtiL*_tc @hi |i u?_@4i?|@*

46Wkh fkrlfh khuh lv d kdug rqh= lqfoxgh rzq hgxfdwlrq dqg eh h{srvhg wr vlpxowdqhrxv htxdwlrq eldv>

ohdyh lw rxw dqg wkh vwdwlvwlfdo mxvwlfdwlrq iru wkh fodvv vfkhph jrhv zlwk lw$

(24)

?}hi_i?|t Lu |i ?ih|@?Ui ThLUitt M) U U*_hi? @U^hi t!**t @?_ @|||_it |@|

t@Ti |ih LTTLh|?|it @t @_*|t 5LU@* 4LM*|) hiti@hUiht t@**) @tt4i |@| |i U*@tt€U@|L? tUi4i U ti*iU|t LUUT@|L?t t ?L4?@* Lh ?Lh_ihi_ @*|L} tL4i UL4T@htL?t U@? Mi 4@_i Mi|ii? tL4i Lu |i U*@ttit

Ai M@tU Uh|ihL? ?_ih*)?} |i BL*_|LhTi,h!tL? Ebb2 T S tUi4@c uLh i @4T*ic t |i hi*@|L? |i Lh!ih @t |L t Lh ih Lh! T*@Ui ? |ih4t Lu i|ih

|i Lh!ih t @? i4T*L)ihc ti*ui4T*L)i_c Lh @? i4T*L)iie 5?Ui |t U*@tt€U@|L? |i**t t @*4Lt| ?L|?} @ML| |i i*u@hi Lu |i ?__@* ? ^it|L? | tc ? Lh ic

??uLh4@|iD

Ai LUUT@|L?t U UL4Thti Lh}? tLU@* U*@ttit Uih|@?*) UL?|@? @__|L?@* ? uLh4@|L? @ML| @? ?__@*<t *ui U@?Uit M| @t i @i @*hi@_) tii? uhL4 |i #@?t _@|@ @?_ uhL4 4ihU@? @?_ h|t *L?}|_?@* thi)t |@| u@4*) M@U!}hL?_ @h

@M*it *!i T@hi?|@* i_U@|L?@* ^@*€U@|L?t @?_ LtiL*_ ?UL4i i T*@? @ t}?€U@?|

@4L?| Lu @? ?__@* @h@|L? ? i@h??}t t hit*| | tii4t |@| |i @||i4T| M) Bht!) @?_ 5ƒhi?ti? EbbH |L hitUi U*@tt @?@*)tt M) hiT*@U?} MhL@_ tLU@* U*@tt€U@

|L?t Lu LUUT@|L?t M) |i LUUT@|L?t |i4ti*it ** ?L| Mi tUUittu* `*i |i) 4@) ThL_i tLUL*L}t|t | @ Mi||ih 4L_i* Lu LUUT@|L?@* 4LM*|) |t @TThL@U t

*itt |@? @_i^@|i ? hii@*?} |i t|hU|hi Lu ?ih|@?Ui 4iU@?t4t MiU@ti |ihi t tL 4U @h@|L? ? i*u@hi |? i@U LUUT@|L?

`*i 4LM*|) 4L_i*t M@ti_ L? i@h??}t t@|tu) |i @ L4 Lu t|@|t|U@* hiThL_UM*

|) ? |@| U*_ i@h??}t @hi ULhhi*@|i_ | T@hi?| i@h??}t @?_ ? @__|L? U*_ i_

U@|L?@* @||@?4i?|t @hi ULhhi*@|i_ | |Lti Lu |ih T@hi?|t |ihi @hi tL4i ThLM*i4t

@ttLU@|i_ | ti Lu ?UL4i @t 4i@thi Lu i*u@hi *|L} UL?t4T|L? i Ti?_|hi L*_ Mi Tih@Tt @ Mi||ih ?_U@|Lh Lu i*u@hic uLh *L ?UL4i u@4*it LtiL*_ ?UL4i t @? i Ui**i?| 4i@thi Lu i*u@hi MiU@ti 4Lt| Lu |i ThLM*i4t |@| |i) i Tihi?Ui U@? Mi hi4i_i_ M) ?Uhi@t?} |ih ?UL4it At t4T*i u@U| tihit @t |i h@|L?@*i uLh

?UL4i tTTLh| tUi4it *!i ?i4T*L)4i?| ?th@?Ui @?_ tLU@* @ttt|@?Ui ThL}h@44it

|@| LTih@|i @*4Lt| ?iht@**) ? `it|ih? ,hLTi @?_ Lh| 4ihU@ 6Lh }ih ? UL4i u@4*it |i tti t ?L| tL U*i@h W?UL4i t L?*) L?i _4i?tL? Lu i**Mi?} Aihi

47Lq Hulnvrq0Jrogwkrush +sdjh 77, wkh fodvvhv duh qrplqdo exw Euhhq dqg Jrogwkrush +5334 s1 ;5, wdon derxw wkh cvrfldo ghvludelolw|* ri fodvvhv zklfk vxjjhvwv wkdw wkh| frxog eh uhsuhvhqwhg e| dq rughuhg vhw ri fodvvhv jhqhudwhg e| d odwhqw yduldeoh uhsuhvhqwlqj cvrfldo ghvludelolw|* furvvlqj wkuhvkrogv1 Rq wkh rwkhu kdqg/ doo ri wkh hpslulfdo zrun wkdw zh kdyh orrnhg dw xvhv hlwkhu orj0olqhdu prghov ru pxowlqrpldo orjlw prghov qhlwkhu ri zklfk lpsrvhv dq| rughu rq wkh fodvvhv1

48Zh duh qrw wkh uvw wr pdnh wklv srlqw Nhoo| +4<<3 s1658, zulwhv= _wkh odfn ri klhudufk|0zh vwxg|

vrfldo prelolw| lq rughu wr xqghuvwdqg vwudwlfdwlrq/ klhudufk| dqg wkhlu olqnv dfurvv jhqhudwlrqv1 Vr d udqnlqj ri rffxsdwlrqv iurp kljk vwdwxv wr orz lv hvvhqwldo= wkh ixqgdphqwdo vrfldo frqlfwv ryhu zkr jhwv jrrg mrev/ zlwk kljk sd| dqg jrrg zrunlqj frqglwlrqv wkdw jr zlwk wkhp/ dqg zkr jhwv srru rqhv zlwk wkh dffrpsdq|lqj sryhuw|/ gluw dqg wrlo1 111Qrw wr nqrz zkr zlqv dqg zkr orvhv wkh frpshwlwlrq lv wr plvv wkh pdlq srlqw1

22

(25)

@hi 4@?) LUUT@|L?t |@| @i } t@*@hit @||@Ui_ |L |i4 M| @*tL @i _t@}hii@M*i

@||hM|it *!i t|hitt Lh i Uitti |4i hi^hi4i?|t 5L4i ?__@*t 4}| Thiuih |i

*Lih T@_ LMtc @** |?}t UL?t_ihi_ `i tL*_c |ihiuLhic Mi @*ih| |L |i TLttM*|)

|@| *@h}i U@?}it ? ?UL4i L*_ Mi hi^hi_ |L i?ULh@}i ?__@*t |L U@?}i LUU T@|L?t @?_ |@| |i _t|hM|L? Lu i*u@hi UL*_ Mi ^|i _gihi?| uhL4 |i _t|hM|L?

Lu ?UL4i ? |ih4t Lu h@?!?} ?__@*t 5?Ui i@h??}t @hi _i|ih4?i_ ? *@MLh 4@h

!i|t |i) @hi _iTi?_i?| L? ML| |i U@h@U|iht|Ut |@| ?__@*t Mh?} |L |i 4@h!i|

@?_ |i @) |i 4@h!i| @*it |iti U@h@U|iht|Ut 5?Ui Lh i@h??}t i^@|L?t _L ?L|

?U*_i |i €h4 @?_ tiU|Lh tTiU€U @h@M*it |@| @hi t@**) ti_ |L i T*@? @}it Lh ? UL4it Lh T@h@4i|ih it|4@|it UL*_ Mi M@ti_ u |iti i U*_i_ @h@M*it @hi ULhhi*@|i_

| @?) Lu |i ?U*_i_ hi}hittLhtS

+i@_iht tL*_ @*tL Mi @h?i_ |@| @t u@|ih<t tLU@* U*@tt @t hii@*i_ |L Mi @ TLLh

@*|ih?@|i |L u@|ih<t LUUT@|L?c u@|ih<t LUUT@|L? |ti*u 4@) Mi i^@**) hhi*i@?|

i? @ UL4T*i|i ti| Lu LtiL*_ @?_ u@4*) M@U!}hL?_ @h@M*it @hi @@*@M*i `|

|@| U@i@| ? 4?_ i i?_ | tL4i UL4T|@|L?t |@| tL L 4LM*i #@?t tLUi|) t

Nt?} |i 4L_i* Lti T@h@4i|ih it|4@|it @TTi@h ? A@M*i S i UL4T|i |i

@ih@}i ThLM@M*|it Lu Mi?} *L Lh } ?UL4i t?} |i u@U| |@| ?@|h@* *L}@h|4 Lu LtiL*_ ?UL4i t @tt4i_ |L Mi ?Lh4@**) _t|hM|i_ Oihi |i _i€?|L? Lu *L

?UL4i t L?i t|@?_@h_ _i@|L? Mi*L 4i@? Lu |i *L}@h|4 ?UL4i O} ?UL4i t L?i t|@?_@h_ _i@|L? @MLi |i 4i@? 6Lh @ih@}it ihi UL4T|i_ ? A@M*i .c |L uLh *L ?UL4i LUUT@|L?t @?_ |L uLh } ?UL4i LUUT@|L?t

W? tT|i Lu |i u@U| |@| #i?4@h! @t @ UL4Thii?ti @?_ tLTt|U@|i_ ti| Lu i*u@hi ThL}h@44it @?_ @ hi*@|i*) i** €?@?Ui_ i_U@|L?@* t)t|i4 @? ?__@*<t tUUitt t ih) 4U _i|ih4?i_ M) L tUUittu* |@| ?__@*<t T@hi?|t ihi

t A@M*i . tLt |i U*_hi? Lu ti*ui4T*L)i_ ThLuittL?@*tG *@)ihtc _LU|Lht i|U @hi e |4it @t *!i*) |L i@h? } ?UL4it @?_ 2H |4it *itt *!i*) |L Mi *L ?UL4i @t

|i U*_hi? Lu T@_ @}hU*|h@* Lh!iht At tc Tih@Ttc ?L| thTht?} ? |i *}|

Lu A@M*i S ihi | @t tL? |@| u@|ih<t LUUT@|L? @?_ i_U@|L?@* ^@*€U@|L?t i T*@?i_ 4Lhi Lu |i @h@|L? ? i@h??}t |@? __ L? i_U@|L? Ai ?}hi_i?|t Lu tUUittG @4M|L?c _tUT*?ic @?_ |i @TThiU@|L? Lu |i Mi?i€|t Lu i_U@|L? @hi U@h@U|iht|Ut |@| @hi t|hL?}*) ?i?Ui_ M) |i L4i i?hL?4i?| ? U L?i }hLt T @t @ U*_ O} ?UL4i ThLuittL?@* LtiL*_t @TTi@h |L ThL4L|i |iti @*it 4Lhi

|@? *L ?UL4i u@4*it _L Ai) @*tL @i 4Lhi hitLhUit |L @**LU@|i |L U*_hi? @?_

Mi||ih @UUitt |L |i ?t|||L?t |@| @hi 4TLh|@?| ? |i U*_<t _ii*LT4i?|

49Jrrg vxppdulhv ri wkh oderxu hfrqrplfv olwhudwxuh rq hduqlqjv ixqfwlrqv pd| eh irxqg lq Dqjulvw dqg Nuxhjhu +4<<<, dqg Fdug +4<<<,1

2

(26)

Aw, .

5i*iU|i_ UUT@|L?@* Ah@?t|L? hLM@M*|it

6@|ih<t UUT@|L? hLM@M*|) Lu hLM@M*|) Lu wL W?UL4i O} W?UL4i

re @_ }hU*|h@* `Lh!iht f2H ff

rS N?t!**i_ w@MLh fb fD

rb O}ih Bh@_i hLuittL?@*t ffe f2S

r2 5i*u,4T*L)i_ hLuittL?@*t ff fe

Lhi i^@*|) ? |i _i|ih4?@|L? Lu *ui |4i U@?Uit tc Lu ULhtic @ _ith@M*i TL*U) LMiU|i OL |t t |L Mi @Uii_c Liihc t @ ^it|L? |@| ?ii_t |L Mi @__hitti_

h hit*|t t@) tL4i|?} @ML| 4LM*|) ? |i ti?ti |@| |i) _i?|u) tL4i Lu |i ThLUittit _i|ih4??} |i ?ih|@?Ui Lu U@h@U|iht|Ut L? U tUUitt _iTi?_t ?

|i L|ih @?_c |i) |i** t ih) *||*i @ML| L 4ih|LUh@|U #@?t tLUi|) t

S U!?L*i_}4i?|

Ai @|Lht t |L |@?! ,h! aƒh}i? O@?ti? ?_ih Lti _hiU|L? |i _@|@ ti_

? |t t|_) @t UL**iU|i_ uLh t i*Tu* UL44i?|t L? @?_ ?|ihit| ? Lh Lh! `i

@*tL |@?! +LMih| *@U!Mh? uLh t _i|@*i_ UL44i?|t L? @? i@h*ih ihtL? @?_ aL?

BL*_|LhTi uLh t *i?}|) hitTL?ti |L Lh T@Tih

2e

(27)

+iuihi?Uit

do ?}ht|c a @?_ khi}ih ,4ThU@* 5|h@|i}it ? w@MLh ,UL?L4Ut 2 ? ti?ui*|ih @?_ @h_ bbb

d2o hhL kc 5 L*it @?_ 5 #h*@u ih|LUh@U) @?_ ,UL?L4U W?i^@*|) h?Ui|L?

N?iht|) hittc h?Ui|L? 2fff

do ti?ui*|ihc c @?_ # @h_ O@?_MLL! Lu w@MLh ,UL?L4Utc V ,*tiihc 4t

|ih_@4 bbb

deo |!?tL?c c k @)?@h_ @?_ B Ah?_ih @hi?|t @?_ *_hi?c W?UL4it ?

|L Bi?ih@|L?tc Oi?i4@?? ,_U@|L?@* LL!tc wL?_L?c bH

dDo *@U!Mh?c +  @?_ k h@?_) <Ai +iThL_U|L? Lu 5LU@* W?i^@*|)<c 5LUL*L})

c ebDfbc bb.

dSo *@c @?_ # #?U@? Ai 4ihU@? UUT@|L?@* 5|hU|hic i vLh! aL?

`*i) bS.

d.o L*itc 5 @?_ O B?|t 5ULL*?} ? @T|@*t| 4ihU@c @tU LL!tc i vLh!c

b.S

dHo Lh_ic @?_ a @ttihL? +iThL_U|L? ? ,_U@|L?c 5LUi|) @?_ *|hic db.foc wL?_L?c 5@}i M*U@|L?t b..

dbo Lh_ic #t|?U|L?G 5LU@* h|^i Lu |i a_}i4i?| Lu A@t|ic wL?_L?c +L|*i_}i @?_ ki}@? @* db.bo bHS

dfo hii?c + @?_ a O BL*_|LhTi *@ttc LM*|) @?_ ih|c |i , Tihi?Ui Lu |L h|t h| ULLh|tc ,hLTi@? 5LUL*L}U@* +iic .c Hfc 2ff

do hit*@c a @?_ a UW?|Lt 54*@|i_ @h@M*i it|4@|L? Lu 4L_i*t | Lh_ihi_

U@|i}LhU@* _@|@c aLh?@* Lu ,UL?L4i|hUtc H.c 2De.c bbH

d2o @h_c # Ai @t@* ,giU|t Lu ,_U@|L? L? ,@h??}t< f ? ti?ui*|ih bbb do @h*ttL?c BLt|@ 5LU@* LM*|) @?_ *@tt 5|hU|hi w?_c `k B*iihT bDH deo @*i)c ac a OiU!4@?c @?_ , V)|*@U* ih|LUh@U) ? 4ihU@G `@}it `|?

@?_ UhLtt UUT@|L?tc W?_t|h@* +i*@|L?tc Hc 2Df2bSc bbb

dDo @*i)c ac a OiU!4@?c w wLU?ihc @?_ , V)|*@U* N?_iht|@?_?} |i +L*i Lu L}?|i M*|) ? UUL?|?} uLh |i +iUi?| +ti ? |i ,UL?L4U +i|h? |L ,_U@|L?< b ? hhL 2fff

2D

(28)

dSo @*i)c ac a OiU!4@? @?_ , V)|*@U* Ahii LMtih@|L?t L? @}it @?_ 4i@thi_

UL}?|i @M*|)c w@MLh ,UL?L4Utc Hc ebee2c 2ff

d.o #i@h_i?c wc 5 @U? @?_ O +ii_ W?|ih}i?ih@|L?@* LM*|) W? h|@?c Ai ,UL?L4U aLh?@*c f.c e.SSc bb.

dHo ,h!tL?c + @?_ a O BL*_|LhTi Ai L?t|@?| 6* c uLh_c *@hi?_L? hitt

bb2@

dbo ,h!tL?c + @?_ aO BL*_|LhTi <Ai 5W ThLiU| @?_ |i 4ihU@? _hi@4<c ,hLTi@? 5LUL*L}U@* +iic Hc 2HfDc bb2M

d2fo 6i@|ih4@?c # w @?_ +  O@tih TTLh|?|) @?_ @?}ic i vLh!c U@

_i4U hitt b.H

d2o 6tUihc c  OL|c 5 a@?!Lt!c 5+ wU@tc 5_*ihc @?_ k VLtt W?i^@*

|) M) #it}?G h@U!?} |i i** hi )|c h?Ui|L?c aG h?Ui|L? N?iht|) hittc bbS

d22o B*@ttc # Ei_ 5LU@* 4LM*|) ? h|@?c wL?_L?c +L|*i_}i bDe

d2o BL*_|LhTic a O @?_ k OLTi Ai 5LU@* Bh@_?} Lu UUT@|L?t i T ThL@U @?_ 5U@*ic uLh_c *@hi?_L? hitt b.e

d2eo BL*_|LhTic aO i| @* 5LU@* LM*|) @?_ *@tt 5|hU|hi ? L_ih? h|@?c uLh_c *@hi?_L? hitt dbHfo 2 i_ bH.

d2Do Bhii?ic `O ,UL?L4i|hU ?@*)ttc eo_ ,_|L? hi?|Ui O@**c NTTih 5@__*i +ih i aihti) N5c 2fff

d2So BL*_|LhTic a O L?ti?tt @?_ L?|hLiht)c i_t *@h!c L_}* @?_ L_}*c wL?

_L?c Ai 6@*4ih hitt bbf

d2.o BL*_|LhTic a O @?_ B @ht@** <Ai ThL4t?} 6|hi Lu *@tt ?@*)ttG +itTL?ti |L +iUi?| h|^it<c 5LUL*L})c 2Sc Heffc bb2

d2Ho Bht!)c # @?_ a 5ƒhi?ti? @? *@tt ?@*)tt i 5@*@}i_c 4ihU@? aLh?@*

Lu 5LUL*L})c fc H.2ec bbH

d2bo Bht!)c # @?_ k `ii_i? #iUL4TLt|L? `|L| #i@|G +iti@hU }i?_@ uLh

@ i *@tt ?@*)ttc U|@ 5LUL*L}U@c eec 2f2Hc 2ff

dfo O@?ti?c , a ,? }i?ih@|L? M*i L!ti?c kƒMi?@?c 5LU@*uLht!??}t?t||||i|c hiTLh| bDG Hc bbD E,?}*t t44@h) bbS

2S

(29)

do O@?ti?c , a Ai €ht| }i?ih@|L? ? |i i*u@hi t|@|ic @ ULLh| @?@*)ttc kƒMi?@?c 5LU@*uLht!??}t?t||||i|c hiTLh| bSGec bbS

d2o Oih?t|i?c + @?_ hh@) Ai i** hi 6hii hitt i vLh! bbe

do OL|c  @?_ + O@tih 5)44i|h) @?_ Oih@hU) ? 5LU@* LM*|)G i|L_

L*L}U@* ?@*)tt Lu |i 5W L_i* Lu *@tt LM*|)< ,hLTi@? 5LUL*L}U@*

+iic Hc 2b2SSc bb2

deo ki**i)c a <Ai u@*hi Lu @ T@h@_}4G wL} *?i@h 4L_i*t Lu tLU@* 4LM*|)<c ? *@h!

i| @* aL? O BL*_|LhTiG L?ti?tt @?_ L?|hLiht)c wL?_L?c 6@*4ih hittc b eSc bbf

dDo kL*ihc 5 5 @?_ a, @|i R hLttwii* , @4?@|L? Lu BhLT Mti?Ui W?i?Uit L? W?__@* Mti?Ui aLh?@* Lu TT*i_ t)UL*L})c.Dc 2.22fc bbf dSo kLhi?4@?c 5 @?_ `?tT +i@?@*)tt Lu Ai i** hiG W?|i**}i?Uic 6@4*)

@U!}hL?_c @?_ 5ULL*?} . ? hhL 2fff

d.o wTti|c 5  @?_ + i?_ 5LU@* LM*|) ? W?_t|h@* 5LUi|)c ih!i*i)c wLt

?}i*itc N?iht|) Lu @*uLh?@ hitt bDb

dHo @__@*@c B w4|i_ #iTi?_i?| @?_ "@*|@|i V@h@M*it ? ,UL?L4i|hUt @4 Mh_}i N?iht|) hittc i vLh!c bH

dbo @)ihc 5 `@| L?i) @?<| )G 6@4*) W?UL4i @?_ *_hi?<t wui @?Uit O@h@h_ N?iht|) hittc @4Mh_}i N5c bb.

defo ih**‚ic # wit i?^ i|it _i 4LM*|‚i tLU@*itc @htc N6 bbe

deo ?!c  # wtM@?ih }i??i4 i| ui*|c ,? @?@*)ti @u i*|i_h@i|t_Liihit tLU@*i 4LM*|i| L} hi!L?ihtL?ih @u !@T|@* _i| tLU@*i h4c #iT@h|4i?| Lu 5LUL*L})c w?_ N?iht|)c #LU|Lh@* #ttih|@|L? 2Hc bbb

de2o ?!c  # +iUL?ihtL?t Lu ,_U@|L?@* @T|@* ? |i `i*u@hi 5|@|ic ? ,_U@

|L? @?_ `Lh! bbb2fffc 2fff

deo h@?_) k *@tt @?_ L?|?|) 5LU@* +iThL_U|L?G ? ,4ThU@* W?it|}@|L?c Ai 5LUL*L}U@* +iic Sc eSec bbH

deeo +ittc *Mih| a @?_ # #?U@? UUT@|L?t @?_ 5LU@* 5|@|tc | |t #

#?U@?%@* O@||%iU* Lh|c i vLh!c Ai 6hii hitt Lu B*i?ULic W?U bS

deDo +L}Lgc 5LU@* 5|h@|€U@|L? ? 6h@?Ui @?_ ? |i N?|i_ 5|@|it<c Ai 4ihU@?

aLh?@* Lu 5LUL*L})c wVWWWc e.D.c bD

2.

(30)

deSo 5@@}ic  @?_  ,}ih|L? 5LU@* LM*|)c W?__@* M*|) @?_ |i W?ih|@?Ui Lu *@tt W?i^@*|)<c 5LUL*L})c c SeDS.2c bb.

de.o 5@@}ic  *@tt ?@*)tt @?_ 5LU@* Ah@?tuLh4@|L?c 5@}ic wL?_L?c 2fff

deHo 5LhhLU!tc 6 Ai i@thi4i?| Lu LM*|)c ,UL?L4i|hU@c eSc ff2ec b.H debo 5L*L?c B W?|ih}i?ih@|L?@* LM*|) ? |i w@MLh @h!i|< 2f ? ti?ui*|ih

bbb

dDfo 5LhL!?c 5LU@* LM*|) @?_ *|h@* LM*|)c i vLh!c Ai 6hii hitt db2.o bDb%bSe

dDo 5@*@t|L}@c k hit|}ic *@tt @?_ LM*|)c kƒMi?@?c B)*_i?_@* bDb

dD2o 5ƒhi?ti?c <hLUittit Lu **LU@|L? |L Ti? @?_ *Lti_ Lt|L?t ? 5LU@*

5|hU|hi<c ~i|tUhu| uh 5LUL*L}ic 2c 2f22ec bH

dDo 5ƒhi?ti?c <AiLh) @?_ 4i|L_L*L}) ? tLU@* t|h@|€U@|L?<c i_ N*u O44i*

t|h@?_c 5LUL*L})G uhL4 Uhtt |L tUi?Uiqc Ai tLUL*L}) Lu @U|L?c wL?_L?c 5@}i M*U@|L?tc .bbDc bHS

dDeo 5ƒhi?ti?c 5|@|t|U@* L_i*t @?_ iU@?t4t Lu 5LU@* hLUittitc @Tih Thi ti?|i_ @| |i ??@* ii|?}t Lu |i 5i_t 5LUL*L}U@* ttLU@|L?c N?iht|) Lu 5|LU!L*4c a@?@h) bbb E@h@h_i_

dDDo vL?}c  Ai hti Lu |i 4ih|LUh@U) H.f2fG @? itt@) L? i_U@|L? @?_ i^@*|)c wL?_L?c A@4it @?_ O_tL? bDH

2H

Referencer

RELATEREDE DOKUMENTER

The Danish National Institute of Social Research (SFI) has from their birth followed a rep- resentative sample of Danish children born in 1995 in a national, longitudinal study on

Whereas the effect on geographic residence mobility is the expected, namely that higher educated couples are more likely to move, this relationship is not found for the geographic

It will be described how Denmark has made local partnerships a central part of its active social policy and how the involvement by non-state actors in this policy area differs

With a multi state model with random parameters we found that: 1) labour market distortions from economic incentives exist, but transitions between various welfare programmes

It is argued that national legislation requesting the creation of local policy networks was not enough to assure network governing and the case studies show that local policy

We use a piecewise constant hazard rate model to estimate how various factors affect the sick- listed employees’ probability of returning to work. To allow CMI to have diverse

The main results indicate that municipality active labour market policy (ALMP) practices and organisation can only determine activation participation to a certain extent

Timing and flexibility of housework turn out to be more important than the level of housework, and women, particularly at the high end of the conditional wage distribution, who