Pervasive Computing
(A Very Short Introduction)
DTU Compute
Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science
Nicola Dragoni
Embedded Systems Engineering Section DTU Informatics
Technical University of Denmark
These slides have been found on the Web and adapted for this talk. Most of the original material is by Dr Andy Hunt, Electronics Department, University of York.
What’s in this Room?
• Anything electronic which processes information Typically we find
‣ Mobile Phones
‣ PDAs
‣ Laptop computers
‣ Games consoles (hopefully turned off...)
‣ Mp3 players
• Any other info processing devices?
DTU Compute
Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science
What Else is Here?
• Passive information storage
‣ Bank cards with chip-&-pin
‣ Products with RFID tag
• Anyone got a device inside?
‣ Pacemaker
‣ Diabetic insulin release
DTU Compute
Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science
Energy Processing
• Humans used own energy
‣ Helped by animals
‣ and devices
• Industrial revolution
‣ Energy was harnessed or generated (e.g. steam engines)
‣ Expanding human physical power
DTU Compute
Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science
Energy Processing (2)
• Energy decentralised
‣ Power stations
‣ National Grid – distributed power
‣ Individual engines – mobility
• Energy made pervasive
‣ Application-driven devices
‣ Battery power
‣ Miniaturisation
DTU Compute
Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science
Information Processing
• Humans used own brainpower
‣ Helped by paper
‣ and devices
• Computer revolution
‣ Information was harnessed
‣ Expanding human mental power
‣ 1940s: IBM president
DTU Compute
Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science
Thomas J Watson
1946: ENIAC: Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer
I think there is a world market for about 5 computers.
MAINFRAME
ERA
Information Processing (2)
• Computing Decentralised
• Bill Gates (early 1970s)
• PCs
• Laptops
DTU Compute
Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science
PERSONAL COMPUTING
ERA
IBM 360 mid 1960s
PDP-11: early 1970s
IBM PC (DOS) 1981 IBM PC Convertible 1986
Sub-notebooks mid-2000s One Laptop
per Child: 2007
Wireless Self-powered
Multimedia
< £70
A computer on
every desktop and in every home
Information Processing (3)
• Devices which do NOT look like computers, but :
‣ Process data
‣ Store information
‣ Connect to: other devices and/or the Internet
• Pervasive Computing
‣ Focus on the application
‣ Often portable, low-power, always connected
DTU Compute
Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science
PERVASIVE COMPUTING
ERA
Computing Eras
• Mainframe
‣ Many people, one computer
‣ Fixed, central location
• PC
‣ One person, one computer
‣ Fixed location, decentralised
• Pervasive (Ubiquitous)
‣ One person, many computers
‣ The same computer is used by many users
DTU Compute
Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science
The Trends...
DTU Compute
Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science
New User Model!
• From
‣ M:1 [MAINFRAME ERA]
‣ .. to 1:1 [PERSONAL COMPUTING ERA]
‣ .. to M:N [PERVASIVE COMPUTING ERA]
DTU Compute
Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science
Pervasive Computing: One Person, Many Devices
DTU Compute
Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science
Pervasive Computing: One Device, Many Users
DTU Compute
Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science
The Father of Pervasive Computing
• 1990s: Mark Weiser (Xerox PARC)
• First to talk about Ubiquitous Computing
• Weiser’s principles (source Wikipedia)
‣ The purpose of a computer is to help you do something else
‣ The best computer is a quiet, invisible servant
‣ The more you can do by intuition the smarter you are
‣ Technology should create calm
• Please read “The Computer for the 21st Century” (1991)
http://www.ubiq.com/hypertext/weiser/SciAmDraft3.html
• More information here: http://www-sul.stanford.edu/weiser/
DTU Compute
Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science
Mark Weiser: 1952-99
Principles of Pervasive Computing
• Decentralisation
‣ Mainframe → PDAs and Embedded Computers
‣ Distributed, Peer-2-Peer, Mobile, Small, Powerful
• Diversification
‣ Universal → (Task) specific devices
‣ Huge number of new ‘Clients’
• Connectivity
‣ Data exchanged between (always-on) devices
‣ Wireless connection / internet
• Simplicity
‣ Seamless interfaces, intuitive, “calm”
DTU Compute
Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science
Scenario: Smart Home
DTU Compute
Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science
Scenario: Pervasive Healthcare
• Biological monitoring
• Pervasive computing in hospitals
• Assistive technologies
• Eldercare
• Homecare and treatment
• Medicine compliance
• ...
DTU Compute
Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science
Scenario: Environmental & Green Computing
• Monitoring energy consumptions in homes and buildings (sensor network)
• Visualizing & Awareness
• Pollution monitoring
• Garbage handling
• Environmental Monitoring
DTU Compute
Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science
Scenario: Smart Spaces
• Device intensive environments
‣ i-LAND
‣ GAIA
‣ iSpace / Stanford
‣ Classroom 2000
DTU Compute
Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science
Scenario: Automotive Computing
• On-board Computers & In-Vehicle Networks
‣ GPS Navigation
‣ Infotainment
‣ Telematic
‣ Services
DTU Compute
Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science
In General... Smart Objects!
• The MediaCup first presented at HUC 1999
• Embed “intelligence” in everyday objects
• Sensors, cpu, ...
• Wireless connectivity
• Now: Internet of Things (IoT)
DTU Compute
Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science
Internet Of Things (IoT)
DTU Compute
Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science
Internet Of Things (IoT)… in Numbers!
DTU Compute
Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science
DTU Compute
Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science
The Internet of… Everything
DTU Compute
Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science
The Power of Mobile Convergence
DTU Compute
Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science
“The most profound technologies are those that disappear.
They weave themselves into the fabric of everyday life until they are indistinguishable from it.”
[Mark Weiser: 1952-99]
