FORSKNINGSMÆSSIGE
FOKUSOMÅDER MOD 2020 - VENTILATION I NÆSTEN
ENERGINEUTRALT BYGGERI
P E R H E I S E L B E R G
I N S T I T U T F O R B Y G G E R I O G A N L Æ G
I N S T I T U T F O R B Y G G E R I O G A N L Æ G A A L B O R G U N I V E R S I T E T
FIRST PHASE IN THE GREEN TRANSITION OF THE ENERGY SYSTEM (BUILDINGS ROLE)
FOCUS ON IMPROVED ENERGY EFFICIENCY OF NEW BUILDINGS
FOCUS ON “ENERGY RENOVATION” OF THE EXISTING BUILDING STOCK
FOCUS OM INCREASING RENEWABLE ENERGY PRODUCTION
FOCUS ON COST OPTIMALITY ON
BUILDING LEVEL
I N S T I T U T F O R B Y G G E R I O G A N L Æ G A A L B O R G U N I V E R S I T E T
NEXT PHASE IN THE GREEN TRANSITION OF THE ENERGY SYSTEM (BUILDINGS ROLE)
FOCUS ON R E A L I Z I N G E N E R G Y E F F I C I E N C Y IMPROVEMENTS AND ENERGY SAVINGS
FOCUS ON C O S T O P T I M A L I T Y O N S Y S T E M L E V E L FOCUS ON MORE EFFICIENT USE OF RENEWABLE
ENERGY PRODUCTION, PEAK POWER REDUCTION AND SECURE POWER CAPACITY THROUGH E N E R G Y
F L E X I B L E A N D G R I D - S U P P O R T I V E B U I L D I N G S
OPTIMUM HEAT ENERGY SAVINGS IN THE BUIDLING SECTOR
Present average energy use
I N S T I T U T F O R B Y G G E R I O G A N L Æ G A A L B O R G U N I V E R S I T E T
WHAT WILL BE THE MAIN DRIVING FACTORS
FOR FUTURE DEVELOPMENT OF HVAC SYSTEMS
CONTINUOS DEVELOPMENT IN REQUIREMENTS FOR REDUCED ENERGY USE IN BUILDINGS (PRIMARY
ENERGY)??
PERFORMANCE TEST, OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE??
INCREASED DEMAND FOR APPLICATION OF LOW VALUED AND RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES ??
TIGHTENING OF REQUIREMENTS FOR INDOOR ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY ??
TECHNOLOGICAL BREAKTHROUGHS??
NEW MATERIALS??
FOKUSOMRÅDER MOD 2020
V E N T I L A T I O N R E L A T I V T H Ø J T E N E R G I F O R B R U G
Lavt tryktab (varmegenvinding/filtrering, korte føringsveje anvendelse af bygning, lokale/decentrale systemer)
Bedre effektivitet, behovsstyring (lokal eller personlig ventilation, brugbare kriterier for komfort og sundhed for både boliger og arbejdspladser)
V A R M E L A S T E R S T O R E I F O R H O L D T I L T A B
Naturlig køling med udeluft, natkøling, vinduesudluftning, “små” luftmængder med lave temperaturer i brugstiden, udjævning (energiforbrug og indeklima) ved bygningens termisk masse
O P T I M E R I N G A F D R I F T
Intelligent og integreret styring med andre tekniske systemer
(solafskærmning, naturlig ventilation, udluftning, termisk masse, ….) Behovsstyring (temperatur, luftkvalitet)
Løbende optimering af funktion (billige sensorer, datanetværk, ..)
I N S T I T U T F O R B Y G G E R I O G A N L Æ G A A L B O R G U N I V E R S I T E T
Diffuse Ceiling Supply
VENTILATIVE COOLING IN
COLD CLIMATE - DENMARK
I N S T I T U T F O R B Y G G E R I O G A N L Æ G A A L B O R G U N I V E R S I T E T
WHAT IS DIFFUSE CEILING VENTILATION
T H E S P A C E A B O V E A S U S P E N D E D C E I L I N G I S U S E D A S A P L E N U M
A N D F R E S H A I R I S S U P P L I E D T O T H E O C C U P I E D Z O N E T H R O U G H
P E R F O R A T E D S U S P E N D E D C E I L I N G .
THE PRINCIPLE
Rockfon / Troldtekt ceiling
Ecophon ceiling
Fully diffuse ceiling
I N S T I T U T F O R B Y G G E R I O G A N L Æ G A A L B O R G U N I V E R S I T E T
WIDEX/WESSBERG A/S
SOLBJERGSKOLEN SOUTHWEST
OF ÅRHUS
I N S T I T U T F O R B Y G G E R I O G A N L Æ G A A L B O R G U N I V E R S I T E T
SYSTEM PRINCIPLE
DRAUGHT RISK
Extreme winter condition: supply air temperature ‐8 o C, ACH =4
DR <20%
ISO 7730
I N S T I T U T F O R B Y G G E R I O G A N L Æ G A A L B O R G U N I V E R S I T E T
Night Cooling
DAILY MINIMUM TEMPERATURE JULY
I N S T I T U T F O R B Y G G E R I O G A N L Æ G A A L B O R G U N I V E R S I T E T
CUMULATIVE FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION OF CCP
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350
0 100 200 300 400
500 Climatic Cooling Potential for Maritime Climate Bergen
Helsinki Airport Copenhagen Taastrup Dublin Airport
London Weather C.
Paris Montsouris Bordeaux
Rome Ciampino Lisbon
Athens
Nights per year
C C P pe r ni g h t (K h)
Copenhagen 7 nights/year Athens 150 nights/year
Paris 28 nights/year
80 Kh
CCP = 80Kh ~ 50W/m 2
Reference: Artmann et al.
Applied Energy 84 (2007)
OVERHEATING DEGREE HOURS ABOVE 26 °C
FOR ZURICH CLIMATIC DATA
• ANETZ 1996-2005);
• for a light (o), medium (*) and heavy (□) mass construction
I N S T I T U T F O R B Y G G E R I O G A N L Æ G A A L B O R G U N I V E R S I T E T
OVERHEATING DEGREE HOURS ABOVE 26 °C
FOR ZURICH
CLIMATIC DATA
• ANETZ 1996-2005);
• for a light (o), medium (*) and heavy (□) mass
construction
Thermal Storage in
Computer Seminar Room
I N S T I T U T F O R B Y G G E R I O G A N L Æ G A A L B O R G U N I V E R S I T E T
Reference: Prof. Kolokotroni
REHVA Journal January 2016
I N S T I T U T F O R B Y G G E R I O G A N L Æ G A A L B O R G U N I V E R S I T E T
Reference: Prof. Kolokotroni
REHVA Journal January 2016
I N S T I T U T F O R B Y G G E R I O G A N L Æ G A A L B O R G U N I V E R S I T E T
Heating Energy Flexibility
HEATING FLEXIBILITY USING BUILDING THERMAL MASS FOR STORAGE
PARAMETER VARIATION
Time Temperature
set‐point
2 – 24 hrs
Type of emitters
Type of activation
(duration, starting time, increase vs. decrease)
Type of buildings
Passive house (14 kWh/m².yr) BR 79 (140 kWh/m².yr)
Temperature set‐point
+2K
‐2K
I N S T I T U T F O R B Y G G E R I O G A N L Æ G A A L B O R G U N I V E R S I T E T
CONTROL SCENARIOS FOR FLEXIBLE DEMAND
S C E N A R I O # 1 ( 4 H R S C O N S E R V A T I O N ) : T H E S E T - P O I N T I S
D E C R E A S E D B Y 2 K I N P E R I O D S W I T H H I G H P R I C E S , B U T F O R A M A X I M U M P E R I O D O F 4 H O U R S . T H I S M O D U L A T I O N C A N B E
R E P E A T E D O V E R T H E D A Y A F T E R A W A I T I N G P E R I O D O F 4 H O U R S . S C E N A R I O # 2 ( 4 H R S S T O R A G E A N D C O N S E R V A T I O N ) : T H E S E T - P O I N T I S D E C R E A S E D B Y 2 K I N P E R I O D S W I T H H I G H P R I C E S O R I N C R E A S E D B Y 2 K I N P E R I O D S W I T H L O W P R I C E S , B U T F O R A M A X I M U M P E R I O D O F 4 H O U R S . T H E S E M O D U L A T I O N S C A N B E
R E P E A T E D O V E R T H E D A Y A F T E R A W A I T I N G P E R I O D O F 4 H O U R S . S C E N A R I O # 3 ( 6 H R S S T O R A G E A N D C O N S E R V A T I O N ) : S I M I L A R T O S C E N A R I O # 2 , B U T W I T H 6 H R S .
∑ ∑
∑ ∑
Source:: Le Dreau and Heiselberg
To be published
EXAMPLE OF FLEXIBILITY ACHIEVED (SINGLE- FAMILY HOUSE 80’S).
Radiator Underfloor heating
Ref. # 1 # 2 # 3 Ref. # 1 # 2 # 3
mean(T
op) (°C) 22.1 21.8 22.3 22.3 22.0 21.9 22.2 22.2
min(T
op) (°C) 22.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 21.7 20.4 20.4 20.0
max(T
op) (°C) 23.1 23.1 24.4 24.5 22.6 22.7 24.3 24.5
Heating need
(kWh/m².year) 142 139 147 148 150 148 157 159
Share of tariff (kWh/m².year)
Flexibility
0 0.38 0.63 0.69 0.15 0.51 0.73 0.80
0 20 40 60 80 100
Low Medium High
Ref
# 1
# 2
# 3
0 20 40 60 80 100
Low Medium High
Ref
# 1
# 2
# 3
I N S T I T U T F O R B Y G G E R I O G A N L Æ G A A L B O R G U N I V E R S I T E T
