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(1)

Managing massive wind integration in islands with

battery storage

Terji Nielsen

Head of R&D department

Dipl.Ing. E.E. (Hons), MBA Renewables

(2)

Agenda

• General about SEV and SEVs Green vison

• Renewable resources in the Faroe Islands

• Challenges with integration of wind in isolated power systems

• Battery system in Húsahagi Wind Farm

(3)

Faroe Islands

12/1/2017 3

(4)

Faroe Islands

12/1/2017 4

General data:

18 islands (17 are populated) 50.000 inhabitants

Area of 1.399 km2

Main export: Fish and fish products

(5)

Electrical Company SEV

12/1/2017 5

General company facts:

Non-profit, founded 1st October 1946

100 % owned by all Faroese municipalities Vertically Integrated Company

Joint and several price structure

Isolated Hybrid Power System

Monopoly on grid operation (transmission & distribution)

“De facto” monopoly on production (98%)

“Micro isolated system” in EU terms ( < 500 GWh in 1996)

Directive 2009/72

Derogation from relevant provisions in different chapters about unbundling, third party access etc.

(6)

Energy Mix 1954 - 2015

12/1/2017 6

0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 200 225 250 275 300 325

GWh

Thermal Hydro Wind Source: SEV

(7)

Main drivers for renewable energy

in the Faroe Islands

12/1/2017 7

(8)

12/1/2017 8

Carbon free electricity by 2030

Assumptions:

- 2% increase in consumption annually - Linear electrification of Heating 2016 – 2030 - Linear electrification of transport on land

Energy Mix 2015

Faroese Climate Policy from 2009

- SEV vision, October 2014 - Governmental target, Sept. 2015

0 100 200 300 400 500 600

2015 2020 2030

GWh

Thermal Renewables Consumption

100%

75%

25%

60%

40%

(9)

Renewable resources in the Faroe Islands

12/1/2017 9

(10)

12/1/2017 10

Renewable resources

Average wind speed: > 10m/s Precipitation: > 1284 mm/year

Peak tidal velocities: ~ 3.5 m/s Average sun hours: ~ 1000 hrs/year (DK: 1495 hours) DK: 712 mm/year NO: 1000 mm/year

(11)

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14

- 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200

jan feb mar apr may june july aug sept oct nov dec

m/s

[mm] [hrs]

Average Sun hours [hrs] Average Precipitation [mm] Average Wind speed [m/s] Average Tidal stream velocity [m/s]

Correlation between the resources

(12)

Wind energy

12/1/2017 12

(13)

High and variable windspeeds

12/1/2017 13

Gust 68 m/s (244 km/h) 10-min average: 48m/s (172 km/h)

6 7 8 9 10 11

MW

Time scale: 18 minutes (data from September 1., 2017)

Wind Farm output

Variable output with ramp rates (dP/dt) of 100kW/sec

(14)

SEV er fólksins ogn

12/1/2017 14

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

1 169 337 505 673 841 1009 1177 1345 1513 1681 1849 2017 2185 2353 2521 2689 2857 3025 3193 3361 3529 3697 3865 4033 4201 4369 4537 4705 4873 5041 5209 5377 5545 5713 5881 6049 6217 6385 6553 6721 6889 7057 7225 7393 7561 7729 7897 8065 8233 8401 8569 8737

Hours with renewables only:

1576 h (66 days)

Hours with renewables > 80%:

3288 h (137 days)

Hours with renewables > 60%:

5508 h

(230 days) Hours with

renewables > 40%:

6810 h (284 days)

Renewable energy duration curve 2015

hours

(15)

100% RE generation

12/1/2017 15

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

27-09-2014 12:00

27-09-2014 16:15

27-09-2014 20:30

28-09-2014 00:45

28-09-2014 05:00

28-09-2014 09:15

28-09-2014 13:30

28-09-2014 17:45

28-09-2014 22:00

29-09-2014 02:15

29-09-2014 06:30

29-09-2014 10:45

45,00 50,00 55,00

Wind

Fossil

Hydro

Frequency

(16)

12/1/2017 16

The Neshagi Wind farm

Project specification:

3 pcs ENERCON E44/900kW (2,7MW)

Capacity factor: 45%

Annual production: 10,6 GWh

Building phase: 2011-2012

Economical figures:

Total cost: 3.5 MEUR

Oil savings: 2.300 ton/year

approximately 1 MEUR/year

Carbon footprint:

Annual CO2 reduction: 7.000 ton/year

(17)

12/1/2017 17

The Húsahagi Wind farm

Project specification:

13 pcs ENERCON E44/900kW (11.7MW)

Capacity factor: 42%

Annual production: 41 GWh

Building phase: 2013-2014

Economical figures:

Total cost: 13,6 MEUR

Oil savings: 8.000 ton/year

approximately 3 MEUR/year

Carbon footprint:

Annual CO2 reduction: 28.000 ton/year

(18)

Challenging weather conditions

SEV er fólksins ogn

12/1/2017 18

“Shut down” of Húsahagi Wind farm due to high wind speed

(19)

Batteries to mitigate the

intermittency of Wind Power

12/1/2017 19

(20)

12/1/2017 20

Schematic overview of battery system

BESS

Main Grid

L-EMS

controller Inverter

(Smart Container)

Li-Ion Battery

DC Bus

20kV AC

WTGs: 11.7 MW

13x E-44 900kW

20/60kV

2014

2016

20MW – 53MW

Ptotal

PWTG

PBESS

(21)

Battery system specifications

Key features:

2 Intensium® Max 20” containers DC bus 10” container

Nominal 620V DC 700 kWh

2.3 MW

ENERCON 2.3 MVA power conversion and control system (40” container)

Key benefits:

Enhanced grid stability Smoothing ramp rates Frequency control

Minimizing curtailment

12/1/2017 21

Battery system in Húsahagi, Faroe Islands

(22)

12/1/2017 22

Battery system in operation

-4 -2 0 2 4 6 8

0 2 4 6 8 10 12

MW

MW

Time scale: 18 minutes (data from September 1., 2017)

BESS Wind Farm Stabilized output

Battery system in “Gradient Control mode”, with dP/dt target of +/- 20kW/sec

Battery discharging

Battery charging

(23)

12/1/2017 23

Battery system in operation

PWind [MW] PBESS [MW] Ptotal [MW] = PWind + PBESS

(24)

12/1/2017 24

Utilisation of Húsahagi Wind Farm

69%

81% 80%

65% 68%

63%

83% 84%

94% 97%

86%

93%

82% 83%

75% 79%

89%

79%

91% 90%

96%

92%

88%

84%

96% 94%

91% 88% 91% 91%

95% 96%

92% 92%

97%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

0 1.000 2.000 3.000 4.000 5.000 6.000

GWh

Production Potential production Difference Utilisation %

Installation of BESS

Curtailment in 2015: 22%

Curtailment in 2016: 12%

Curtailment in 2017: 7%

(25)

Conclusion

(after 1.5 years operation)

• The installed battery system does mitigate the variability of the intermittent wind power

• Utilisation of the wind farm has increased since the installation of battery storage.

• If we assume that the increased utilisation displaces the same

amount of energy production from fossil fuel generation, the payback time on the BESS capital costs are approximately 4-5 years.

Cost of 1kWh produced by oil used in the payback time calculation: 0.09 €/kWh

12/1/2017 25

(26)

Thank you!

Terji Nielsen

Dipl.Ing. E.E. (hons) MBA Renewables

tn@sev.fo

” We simply must balance our demand for energy with our rapidly shrinking resources.

By acting now we can control our future instead of letting the future control us”

Jimmy Carter 1977

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