Managing massive wind integration in islands with
battery storage
Terji Nielsen
Head of R&D department
Dipl.Ing. E.E. (Hons), MBA Renewables
Agenda
• General about SEV and SEVs Green vison
• Renewable resources in the Faroe Islands
• Challenges with integration of wind in isolated power systems
• Battery system in Húsahagi Wind Farm
Faroe Islands
12/1/2017 3
Faroe Islands
12/1/2017 4
• General data:
– 18 islands (17 are populated) – 50.000 inhabitants
– Area of 1.399 km2
– Main export: Fish and fish products
Electrical Company SEV
12/1/2017 5
• General company facts:
– Non-profit, founded 1st October 1946
– 100 % owned by all Faroese municipalities – Vertically Integrated Company
– Joint and several price structure
– Isolated Hybrid Power System
– Monopoly on grid operation (transmission & distribution)
– “De facto” monopoly on production (98%)
– “Micro isolated system” in EU terms ( < 500 GWh in 1996)
• Directive 2009/72
– Derogation from relevant provisions in different chapters about unbundling, third party access etc.
Energy Mix 1954 - 2015
12/1/2017 6
0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 200 225 250 275 300 325
GWh
Thermal Hydro Wind Source: SEV
Main drivers for renewable energy
in the Faroe Islands
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12/1/2017 8
Carbon free electricity by 2030
Assumptions:
- 2% increase in consumption annually - Linear electrification of Heating 2016 – 2030 - Linear electrification of transport on land
Energy Mix 2015
Faroese Climate Policy from 2009
- SEV vision, October 2014 - Governmental target, Sept. 2015
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
2015 2020 2030
GWh
Thermal Renewables Consumption
100%
75%
25%
60%
40%
Renewable resources in the Faroe Islands
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Renewable resources
Average wind speed: > 10m/s Precipitation: > 1284 mm/year
Peak tidal velocities: ~ 3.5 m/s Average sun hours: ~ 1000 hrs/year (DK: 1495 hours) DK: 712 mm/year NO: 1000 mm/year
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
- 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200
jan feb mar apr may june july aug sept oct nov dec
m/s
[mm] [hrs]
Average Sun hours [hrs] Average Precipitation [mm] Average Wind speed [m/s] Average Tidal stream velocity [m/s]
Correlation between the resources
Wind energy
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High and variable windspeeds
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Gust 68 m/s (244 km/h) 10-min average: 48m/s (172 km/h)
6 7 8 9 10 11
MW
Time scale: 18 minutes (data from September 1., 2017)
Wind Farm output
Variable output with ramp rates (dP/dt) of 100kW/sec
SEV er fólksins ogn
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0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
1 169 337 505 673 841 1009 1177 1345 1513 1681 1849 2017 2185 2353 2521 2689 2857 3025 3193 3361 3529 3697 3865 4033 4201 4369 4537 4705 4873 5041 5209 5377 5545 5713 5881 6049 6217 6385 6553 6721 6889 7057 7225 7393 7561 7729 7897 8065 8233 8401 8569 8737
Hours with renewables only:
1576 h (66 days)
Hours with renewables > 80%:
3288 h (137 days)
Hours with renewables > 60%:
5508 h
(230 days) Hours with
renewables > 40%:
6810 h (284 days)
Renewable energy duration curve 2015
hours
100% RE generation
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0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
27-09-2014 12:00
27-09-2014 16:15
27-09-2014 20:30
28-09-2014 00:45
28-09-2014 05:00
28-09-2014 09:15
28-09-2014 13:30
28-09-2014 17:45
28-09-2014 22:00
29-09-2014 02:15
29-09-2014 06:30
29-09-2014 10:45
45,00 50,00 55,00
Wind
Fossil
Hydro
Frequency
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The Neshagi Wind farm
Project specification:
• 3 pcs ENERCON E44/900kW (2,7MW)
• Capacity factor: 45%
• Annual production: 10,6 GWh
• Building phase: 2011-2012
Economical figures:
• Total cost: 3.5 MEUR
• Oil savings: 2.300 ton/year
• approximately 1 MEUR/year
Carbon footprint:
• Annual CO2 reduction: 7.000 ton/year
12/1/2017 17
The Húsahagi Wind farm
Project specification:
• 13 pcs ENERCON E44/900kW (11.7MW)
• Capacity factor: 42%
•Annual production: 41 GWh
• Building phase: 2013-2014
Economical figures:
• Total cost: 13,6 MEUR
• Oil savings: 8.000 ton/year
• approximately 3 MEUR/year
Carbon footprint:
• Annual CO2 reduction: 28.000 ton/year
Challenging weather conditions
SEV er fólksins ogn
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“Shut down” of Húsahagi Wind farm due to high wind speed
Batteries to mitigate the
intermittency of Wind Power
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Schematic overview of battery system
BESS
Main Grid
L-EMS
controller Inverter
(Smart Container)
Li-Ion Battery
DC Bus
20kV AC
WTGs: 11.7 MW
13x E-44 900kW
20/60kV
2014
2016
20MW – 53MW
Ptotal
PWTG
PBESS
Battery system specifications
• Key features:
– 2 Intensium® Max 20” containers – DC bus 10” container
– Nominal 620V DC – 700 kWh
– 2.3 MW
– ENERCON 2.3 MVA power conversion and control system (40” container)
• Key benefits:
– Enhanced grid stability – Smoothing ramp rates – Frequency control
– Minimizing curtailment
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Battery system in Húsahagi, Faroe Islands
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Battery system in operation
-4 -2 0 2 4 6 8
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
MW
MW
Time scale: 18 minutes (data from September 1., 2017)
BESS Wind Farm Stabilized output
Battery system in “Gradient Control mode”, with dP/dt target of +/- 20kW/sec
Battery discharging
Battery charging
12/1/2017 23
Battery system in operation
PWind [MW] PBESS [MW] Ptotal [MW] = PWind + PBESS
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Utilisation of Húsahagi Wind Farm
69%
81% 80%
65% 68%
63%
83% 84%
94% 97%
86%
93%
82% 83%
75% 79%
89%
79%
91% 90%
96%
92%
88%
84%
96% 94%
91% 88% 91% 91%
95% 96%
92% 92%
97%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
0 1.000 2.000 3.000 4.000 5.000 6.000
GWh
Production Potential production Difference Utilisation %
Installation of BESS
Curtailment in 2015: 22%
Curtailment in 2016: 12%
Curtailment in 2017: 7%
Conclusion
(after 1.5 years operation)• The installed battery system does mitigate the variability of the intermittent wind power
• Utilisation of the wind farm has increased since the installation of battery storage.
• If we assume that the increased utilisation displaces the same
amount of energy production from fossil fuel generation, the payback time on the BESS capital costs are approximately 4-5 years.
– Cost of 1kWh produced by oil used in the payback time calculation: 0.09 €/kWh
12/1/2017 25
Thank you!
Terji Nielsen
Dipl.Ing. E.E. (hons) MBA Renewables
tn@sev.fo
” We simply must balance our demand for energy with our rapidly shrinking resources.
By acting now we can control our future instead of letting the future control us”
Jimmy Carter 1977