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In situ Synthesizing Silver Nanoparticels by Bio-Derived Gallic Acid to Enhance Antimicrobial Performance of PVDF Membrane
Xuan, L.*, Yang, D.* and Yu, H.**
*State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
**CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
Keywords: biofouling; gallic acid; silver nanoparticles Summary of key findings
In this study, a simple, eco-friendly and cost-effective approach was developed to fabricate AgNPs- functionalized antimicrobial membrane. The resulting membrane has a notably improved water permeation flux, as evidenced by the increased hydrophilicity, and the enhanced antifouling property in the BSA filtration test. Diffusion inhibition zone and bacterial proliferation experimental results demonstrate that the modified membrane has an excellent antimicrobial effect on both E. coli and B. subtilis. More importantly, the pomegranate peel extracts rich in GA are also found to be effective for membrane functionalization as the resulting AgNPs modified membrane exhibits an outstanding antimicrobial activity as well. Such a bio-derived strategy may be applicable for multifunctional membranes synthesis at industrial scales because of the low costs and great availability of pomegranate peel extracts.
Background and relevance
Fouling of biofilm (biofouling) is a main obstruct in the application of membrane-based technology [1].
In fact, approximately 60% of the operating cost of membrane bioreactor is associated with biofouling [2]. Modifying membranes with polydopamine (PDA) is commonly used to provide membrane with antimicrobial properties [3]. Although PDA modification is effective, its application is hampered by the relatively high costs and undesired PDA aggregation. Thus, developing cost-effective and robust modifying methods is highly required. PDA-mediated AgNPs synthesis is attributed to the catechol groups in PDA, and the O-site of PDA can act as the anchor to immobilize the formed AgNPs [4].
Coincidentally, such catechol groups also exist in gallic acid (GA), a type of natural plant phenols.
Notably, GA is relatively cheap with a cost of approximately 25% of that of PDA. Furthermore, GA can be extracted from plants, such as pomegranate peel, green tea and gallnut [5]. Thus, it is reasonable to anticipate that pomegranate peel extracts might be an efficient and cost-effective surface
modification agent for antimicrobial membrane fabrication.
Results and Discussion
In this work, gallic acid (GA), a type of plant phenols widely found in nature with a cost of approximately 25% of PDA, was successfully used as a capturing and reducing agent to in situ synthesize silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) on PVDF membrane surface (Figure 1.1). The GA-AgNPs- functionalized membrane exhibited a 3.5-fold higher pure water flux and an enhanced antifouling capacity compared to the control (Figure 1.2). Specifically, the AgNPs endowed the membrane a compelling antimicrobial activity on both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria (Figure 1.3).
Furthermore, pomegranate peel extracts rich in GA were used in such an effective membrane
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functionalization approach. Taken together, this work provides a cost-effective bio-derived strategy for multifunctional membranes synthesis and designed efficient antimicrobial membranes via in situ synthesizing sliver nanoparticles by widely present GA in nature.
Figure 1.1 (A) ATR-FTIR spectra of the pristine PVDF, alkali treated PVDF, APTES modified PVDF, APTES- GA modified PVDF and APTES-GA-Ag modified PVDF membranes; (B) XPS spectra of the modified membranes; (C) high-resolution Si 2P XPS spectrum of the APTES modified PVDF membrane; (D) high- resolution Ag 3d XPS spectrum of the APTES-GA-Ag modified PVDF membrane
Figure 1.2 Membrane properties of the pristine PVDF and APTES-GA-Ag modified PVDF membranes. (A) Pure water permeability and (B) BSA solution fluxes of the membranes
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Figure 1.3 Bacterial proliferation tests for (A) Gram-negative (E. coli) and (B) Gram- positive (B. subtilis) using the blank, pristine membrane, APTES-GA modified membrane and APTES-GA-Ag coated
membrane. The membranes were exposed to different cell suspensions and then incubated for 24 h at 37 ℃
References
Meng, F., Zhang, S., Oh, Y.; Zhou, Z., Shin, H. S., Chae, S. R. (2017) Fouling in membrane bioreactors: An updated review, Water Research, 114, 151-180.
Oh, H. S., Yeon, K. M., Yang, C. S., Kim, S. R., Lee, C. H., Park, S. Y., Han, J. Y., Lee, J. K. (2012) Control of membrane biofouling in MBR for wastewater treatment by quorum quenching bacteria encapsulated in microporous membrane, Environmental Science & Technology, 46 (9), 4877-4884.
Tang, L., Livi, K. J. T., Chen, K. L. (2015) Polysulfone Membranes Modified with Bioinspired Polydopamine and Silver Nanoparticles Formed in Situ To Mitigate Biofouling, Environmental Science & Technology Letters, 2 (3), 59-65.
Li, J., Yuan, S., Zhu, J., Van der Bruggen, B. (2019) High-flux, antibacterial composite membranes via polydopamine- assisted PEI-TiO2/Ag modification for dye removal, Chemical Engineering Journal, 373, 275-284.
Kim, S. H., Jun, C. D., Suk, K., Choi, B. J., Lim, H., Park, S., Lee, S. H., Shin, H. Y., Kim, D. K., Shin, T. Y. (2006) Gallic acid inhibits histamine release and pro-inflammatory cytokine production in mast cells, Toxicological Sciences, 91 (1), 123-131.
Presenting Author
Liang Xuan A PhD student Tongji University
Is the presenting author an IWA Young Water Professional?
No
Bio: Liang Xuan is a PhD student from Tongji University, his research Interests are membrane fouling in aerobic and anaerobic membrane bioreactors (MBRs), including the biofilm mechanical properties, imaging, modeling and control.
83
Effectiveness of fluidized fibrous carrier in a membrane bioreactor for biofouling mitigation: A pilot-scale demonstration
Yoshino, H.*, Mori, N.**, Ohkuma, N.**, Kawakami, M.***, Nihei, M. ***, Wakabayashi, K. ***, and Terada, A.*
* Department of Chemical Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Naka-cho 2-24-16 Koganei, Tokyo, 184-8588, Japan
** Water Reuse Promotion Center, 4-5 Fukuda Building, 4-5 Nihonbashi Yokoyamacho, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 103- 0003, Japan
*** Asahi Kasei Home Products Corporation, 1-1-2 Yurakucho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 100-0006, Japan Keywords: membrane bioreactor (MBR); membrane fouling; biocarriers
Summary of key findings
This study developed a moving bed-membrane bioreactor (MBMBR), installing fluidized capsules filled with novel fibrous biocarriers, to suppress biofouling. The addition of the fluidized capsules may allow retaining prokaryotes and eukaryote communities, potentially contributing to biofouling deterrent in an MBR. A long-term operation (360 days) of a pilot-scale MBMBR system (500 m3/day),
consisting of a Modified Ludzack-Ettinger (MLE) process where the latter aerobic tank installed a membrane module and fluidized capsules, was performed to treat municipal wastewater. The average removal efficiencies of total dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and total nitrogen (TN) were 77.8% and 73.0%, respectively. The introduction of the fluidized capsules slowed down an increase in
transmembrane pressure in the latter stage of the MBMBR operation. The result indicates that the application of the fluidized capsules abates the occurrence of biofouling. On the contrary, the total membrane resistance was not improved by the application of the fibrous biocarrier, suggesting no clear link between trans membrane pressure (TMP) and membrane resistance. High-throughput amplicon sequencing based on the 16S and 18S rRNA gene revealed the substantial changes in prokaryotic and eukaryotic community compositions in the MBMBR unit. Besides, Bdelloidea, a class of rotifers, emerged in the later stage of the operation, likely contributing to the retardation of a TMP increase.
Together, the application of fluidized capsules filled with fibrous biocarriers prevented membrane biofouling without compromising the DOC and TN removal performances.
Background and relevance
MBRs, combining a membrane separation process with a conventional activated sludge (CAS) process, have many advantages, e.g., smaller footprints, better treated water quality, and lower production of excess sludge than a CAS process. On the contrary, one significant challenge is membrane fouling (Le-Clech et al., 2006), caused by the accumulation of microbial cells and extracellular polypeptide substances (EPS) on a membrane surface (Wang et al., 2009). To combat membrane fouling, physical cleaning by aeration and backwashing and chemical cleaning, e.g., hypochlorous acid (Lee et al., 2013; Wang et al., 2010), have been implemented. Nevertheless, the application of these physical and chemical methods increases the maintenance frequency and operating costs of an MBR system (Wang et al., 2014).
Biocarriers have been applied in an MBR to improve wastewater treatment performance and mitigate membrane fouling. The expected mechanisms to deter membrane fouling are classified into: (1) mechanical contact of fluidized carriers with membrane surface, a.k.a., biocarrier scouring; (2) physicochemical effects of activated sludge properties and changes in MLSS (Hu et al., 2012); and (3) changes in microbial community structures in activated sludge. The biocarrier application to an MBR facilitate retaining eukaryotic community, disrupting biofilm formation onto a membrane by predation and improving a membrane flux (Klein et al., 2016). Nevertheless, the wider scale applicability and long-term stability remain a challenge. This study, therefore, operated a pilot-scale MBMBR system, consisting of anoxic and MBMBR tanks, to treat municipal wastewater. Fluidized capsules, i.e., spherical polypropylene skeletons filled with fibrous biocarriers, were mounted into an aerobic MBR.
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The fibrous biocarriers can be smoothly fluidized into a capsule, which deters the detachment of the grown biofilm. The effects of the fluidized capsules on DOC and TN removal performances and membrane fouling, evaluated by TMP, and microbial community compositions were investigated.
Results
A pilot-scale MLE process with the MBMBR unit in an aerobic tank was operated for 360 days. The aerobic tank had two compartments, segregated by bar screes, for a PTFE membrane module and fluidized capsules. This segregation prevents the mechanical damages of membranes by the contact with a capsule.
Average MLSS concentrations in the anoxic and aerobic (MBMBR) tanks were 8700 ± 780 and 11,400 ± 810 mg/L, respectively. Although the influent DOC and TN concentrations significantly varied, i.e., 31.0 ± 18.0 mg/L and , 24.3 ± 9.2 mg-N/L, respectively, the average removal efficiencies of DOC and TN were 77.8 ± 14.3% and 73.0 ± 10.0%.
Throughout the operation, a membrane flux was kept as high as 0.84 m/s. As for the membrane fouling prevention, the dosage of hypochlorous acid had been implemeted once a week. After the application of the fluidized capsules, regular washing by hypochlorous acid was intentionally suspended to track TMP (Periods from I to VI in Fig. 1a). As shown in Fig. 1a, TMP continued to increase during the period when the membrane cleaning was suspended. Especially, TMP increased significantly after the 18 days operation without membrane cleaning (Period I), whereas the TMP increase was curved in Period VI (Fig. 1b). The trend of the TMP increase was consistent, linearly increasing with time. Nevertheless, the rate of increase in TMP was reduced as the operation was progressed, i.e., 0.56 kPa/day in Period I and 0.16 ± 0.03 kPa/day in Periods II to VI. The viscosity and filterability by capillary suction time (CST) of activated sludge decreased from the start of the operation to the 274 day, improving the sludge dewaterability the viscosity of activated sludge decreased and the dehydration property improved. On day 275 day when a flux equipment malfunctioned, both viscosity and CST temporarily increased, followed by again decreasing in viscosity but keeping CST constant after day 310.
The application of amplicon sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene revealed the transitions of the microbial community compositions (Fig. 2). The alpha diversity surged significantly from day 55 to 202, followed by the gradual decrease from day 202. The PCoA plot based on weighted UniFrac distances was consistent with the result on the alpha diversity. The differences in microbial community compositions among the anoxic, MBMBR tanks, and the fibrous biocarriers were
marginal. The application of amplicon sequencing based on the 18S rRNA gene likewise allowed the transition of the eukaryotic community structures. The predominance of Cercozoa and several unclassified eukaryotes in the early stage were replaced with Bdelloidea and Phyllopharyngea in the later stage (Data not shown).
I. II. III. IV. V. VI.
(a) 35.0
30.0 25.0 20.0 15.0 10.0 5.0
0.0 0 100 200 300 400
Time [day]
(b) 12.0
10.0 8.0 6.0 4.0 2.0 0.0 -2.0
0 10 20 30 40
Time [day]
I II III IV V VI
Fig. 1 Time courses of (a) TMP and (b) relative TMP increase. Each period, termed I-VI, did not implement hypochlorous acid washing.
TMP [kPa] Relative TMP increase [kPa]
85 (a) ● Aeration tank ● Anoxic tank ● Bio-capsule
300 250 200 150 100 50
(b)
0.2 0.15 0.1 0.05 0 -0.05 -0.1
0
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 Time [day]
-0.15
-0.3 -0.1 0.1 0.3
PC1 (17.6%)
Fig. 2 Time courses of (a) alpha diversity index and (b) principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) scatter plot of the 16S rRNA genes obtained from illumine high-throughput sequencing. The weighted UniFrac distances were calculated based on an equal number (n=7,424) of sequences.
Discussion
This study is the first pilot-scale demonstration to mitigate membrane fouling by an MBR that installed fibrous carrier-embedding polypropylene capsules without exacerbating organic matter and nitrogen removals. The pilot-scale operation for municipal wastewater treatment has been achieved for a year, underpinning the stable DOC and TN removal performances despite the variations of DOC and TN concentrations in influent. The stable performances by introducing the fibrous biocarriers agree with the previous study on an MBMBR displaying the stable organic matter and TN removals (Yang et al., 2009).
This study employed a TMP value as a direct indicator of membrane fouling as a membrane flux was kept constant at 0.84 m/s. During Period I, a rapid increase in TMP was observed after the washing procedure by hypochlorous acid, suggesting that the membrane washing is essential for a constant flux without surging a membrane resistance. After the stable operation in Period VI, the TMP increase was substantially alleviated (Fig. 2b). The effectiveness to alleviate the TMP increase from Period II to VI indicates that the introduction of the fluidized capsules filled with novel fibrous biocarriers did not immediately mitigate membrane fouling but worked for long period. In addition, the application of the fluidized capsules likely reduced the viscosity of activated sludge. Although a detailed mechanism is yet to be clarified, the application of the fluidized capsules in an MBR contributed to the decrease in activated sludge viscosity, potentially curving biofouling due to high viscous EPS coverage onto a membrane surface.
This study also illuminated the dynamic changes in the prokaryote and eukaryote community compositions in activated sludge and biofilms grown onto the fibrous biocarriers in the early and middle periods of the entire operation (Fig. 2). The microbial community compositions have been converged since day 202, requiring longer period to shape the stable microbial community
compositions than stable DOC and TN removal performances. Regarding the eukaryotic community structure, the convergence of the community was not clearly seen, compared to the prokaryotic community compositions. Given that Bdelloidea and Phyllopharyngea are tempted to prey prokaryotic cells(Pérez-Elvira et al., 2006), their predominance in the later stage suggests that the biofouling layer potentially formed onto a membrane surface was compromised. It is not clear to conclude if the application of the fluidized capsules to an MBR facilitated the growth of these preyers. Nevertheless, the MBMBR in this study allowed the enrichment and maintenance of these preyers likely responsible for cleaning up a biofouling layer onto a membrane surface, which may contribute to biofouling mitigation.
313 day
0 day
Alpha diversity index (Simpson PC2
86 References
Hu, J., Ren, H., Xu, K., Geng, J., Ding, L., Yan, X., Li, K., 2012. Effect of carriers on sludge characteristics and mitigation of membrane fouling in attached-growth membrane bioreactor. Bioresour. Technol. 122, 35–41.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2012.05.029
Klein, T., Zihlmann, D., Derlon, N., Isaacson, C., Szivak, I., Weissbrodt, D.G., Pronk, W., 2016. Biological control of biofilms on membranes by metazoans. Water Res. 88, 20–29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2015.09.050
Le-Clech, P., Chen, V., Fane, T.A.G., 2006. Fouling in membrane bioreactors used in wastewater treatment. J. Memb. Sci.
284, 17–53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2006.08.019
Lee, E.J., Kwon, J.S., Park, H.S., Ji, W.H., Kim, H.S., Jang, A., 2013. Influence of sodium hypochlorite used for chemical enhanced backwashing on biophysical treatment in MBR. Desalination 316, 104–109.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2013.02.003
Pérez-Elvira, S.I., Nieto Diez, P., Fdz-Polanco, F., 2006. Sludge minimisation technologies. Rev. Environ. Sci. Biotechnol.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11157-005-5728-9
Wang, P., Wang, Z., Wu, Z., Zhou, Q., Yang, D., 2010. Effect of hypochlorite cleaning on the physiochemical characteristics of polyvinylidene fluoride membranes. Chem. Eng. J. 162, 1050–1056. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2010.07.019
Wang, Z., Ma, J., Tang, C.Y., Kimura, K., Wang, Q., Han, X., 2014. Membrane cleaning in membrane bioreactors: A review.
J. Memb. Sci. 468, 276–307. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2014.05.060
Wang, Z., Wu, Z., Tang, S., 2009. Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) properties and their effects on membrane fouling in a submerged membrane bioreactor. Water Res. 43, 2504–2512. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2009.02.026
Presenting Author
Dr. YOSHINO Hiroyuki Postdoctoral Fellow
Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology
Is the presenting author an IWA Young Water Professional? Y/N Yes, an IWA member under 35 years of age.
Bio: Hiroyuki Yoshino obtained Ph. D. at Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology. His PhD project was excess sludge reduction using a high-pressure jet device. His current project was a new strategy of biofilm control harnessing protozoa and metazoan communities.
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An industry perspective of Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion (MIC):
From biofilms to asset integrity management
Skovhus, T.L.* and Koerdt, A.**
* VIA University College, Chr. M. Østergaardsvej, 8700, Horsens, Denmark
** Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), Unter den Eichen 87, 12205 Berlin, Germany Keywords: Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion (MIC), Biofilm, Biocorrosion, Engineering Systems, Risk Based Inspection (RBI), MIC Modelling
Summary of key findings
This study gives a review of the history and current state-of-the-art in microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) research in engineering systems such as maritime, utility systems and the energy sector. The study highlights the importance of stronger collaboration between industry researchers and academia (e.g., a transdisciplinarily research approach, providing data or results, access of scientists to industrial facilities). It also identifies the various silos that exists among technical scientific disciplines and explains some of the existing barriers between them. Finally, the study highlights the importance of stronger emphasis on risk assessment models, industry standards and training of personnel, when it comes to the understanding, mitigation and management of MIC and biofouling.
Background and relevance
Managing MIC is both an economic and technological challenge for water, energy and maritime industries, to name just a few. There are numerous studies and data generated regarding corrosion mechanisms and the microbial species involved, and chemicals have been developed that may enhance/inhibit MIC. However, these data are diffuse; sometimes having contradictory conclusions and ignoring one or more key factors that drive MIC.
This study investigates the evolution of MIC knowledge over the past decades, identifies current knowledge gaps and proposes future research directions. Although MIC mechanisms, monitoring, and control have been active areas of research in recent years, the ability to link microbiological activities, the chemical environment and corrosion mechanisms still remains an important knowledge gap. The
importance of a coordinated transdisciplinary approach to develop integrated knowledge, MIC models, and integration of key factors in effective decision-making is also discussed.
Results
This presentation (i) discusses trends in MIC prediction, modelling and sharing of data; mainly discussing MIC models from an end-user perspective (e.g. both Mechanistic and Risk Based Inspection MIC Models), and (ii) describes the results from a newly performed online gap analysis/survey among key stakeholders working with MIC in their daily life in both academia or industry.
Microorganisms can initiate and promote corrosion in different ways, e.g., affecting both charge and mass transfer in corrosion reactions. No mechanistic models currently exist that consider the influence of multiple functional groups of microorganisms on reaction kinetics or the significance of microbial growth kinetics on corrosion. It can also be assumed that microorganisms exist that cause MIC but have not been identified so far. This may be due to the fact that, e.g., in real cases of corrosion damage no investigation of the microbial community has taken place, or the underlying mechanisms are still
88
unknown and difficult to validate. The ability to accurately predict MIC initiation and growth is hampered by knowledge gaps regarding environmental conditions that affect corrosion under biofilms.
In order to manage the threat of corrosion relative to asset integrity, operators commonly use models to support decision-making.These models use qualitative, quantitative or semi-quantitative measures to help predict the rate of degradation caused by MIC and other threats. A new model that links MIC in topsides oil processing systems with risk-based inspection (RBI) through the application of data obtained by molecular microbiological methods MMMs, and its implementation, is presented and discussed.
The survey results and application of the models will be discussed and evaluated in the context of MIC threat assessment in engineering systems.
Discussion
MIC research in, for instance water, energy and maritime industries has seen a revolution over the past decade with the increased application of molecular microbiological methods (MMM) and new industry standards; however, MIC prediction, modelling, mitigation and the differentiation between MIC and abiotic corrosion are areas that have not been fully developed. Models can provide numerous benefits, e.g., guidance on MIC mitigation selection and prioritization, identification of data gaps, a scientific basis for risk-based inspections, and technical justification for asset design and life- extension.
Although MIC knowledge has evolved considerably in the past decades, there are still a number of key knowledge gaps. Based on our study, the following conclusions are obtained:
MIC research is transdisciplinary in nature; however, it is siloed between two main subject areas:
material/corrosion sciences and microbiology/environmental sciences.
The detection of MIC, measuring what proportion of corrosion is caused by biotic or abiotic, and to what extent the two complement each other.
In terms of assessing and managing MIC, both corrosion and microbiological conditions need to be considered. However, relating the MIC initiation and growth to microbiological activity and other conditions, such as the chemical environment and mitigation approaches, is very challenging because of the dynamic and hard-to-predict nature of MIC.
Modeling MIC failure is also challenging, as MIC has many possible effects, including pitting, crevices, or dealloying corrosion.
Effective MIC prevention and mitigation requires understanding of microorganisms’
contributions and subsequent impacts of the metal-fluid interactions.
Addressing these challenges requires a trans-disciplinary research approach to develop new dynamic data integration and modeling frameworks to address challenges such as (i) the integration of factors involved; (ii) data scarcity, potential uncertainty, and the dynamic nature of contributing factors; and (iii) capturing the potential correlation between different phenomena (e.g., microbiological activity and the surrounding chemical environment).
Therefore, the development of MIC data processing models should be integrated with day-to-day corrosion management processes, to ensure effective integrity management of susceptible assets.
References
Andre de A. Abilio, Richard B. Eckert, Torben Lund Skovhus, and John Wolodko (2019). Modeling of Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion (MIC) for Risk-Based Inspection (RBI) in the Oil and Gas Industry: Screening Influential Parameters.
7th International Symposium on Applied Microbiology and Molecular Biology in Oil Systems (ISMOS-7), Halifax, June 18- 21, 2019.
Torben Lund Skovhus, Christopher Taylor and Richard B. Eckert (2019). Modeling of Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion—Limitations and Perspectives. Book chapter in Oilfield Microbiology. CRC Press. ISBN 9781138057753.
TL Skovhus & C Whitby (2019). Oilfield Microbiology. CRC Press. ISBN 9781138057753.
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Seyed Javad Hashemi, Nicholas Bak, Faisal Khan, Kelly Hawboldt, Lianne Lefsrud, John Wolodko (2018). Bibliometric Analysis of Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion (MIC) of Oil and Gas Engineering Systems, CORROSION.
2018;74(4):468-486.
John Wolodko, Rick Eckert, Tesfa Haile, Javad Hashemi, Faisal Khan, Andrea Marciales, Ramirez, Christopher Taylor and Torben Lund Skovhus (2018). Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion (MIC) in the Oil and Gas Industry - Past, Present and Future. Corrosion 2018, paper C2018-11398, Houston, TX: NACE International.
R Eckert & TL Skovhus (2018). Advances in the Application of Molecular Microbiological Methods in the Oil and Gas Industry and Links to Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion. Journal of International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation, 126:169-176.
Mohammed Taleb-Berrouane, Faisal Khan, Kelly Hawboldt, Richard Eckert & Torben Lund Skovhus (2018). Model for microbiologically influenced corrosion potential assessment for the oil and gas industry, Corrosion Engineering, Science and Technology, 53:5, 378-392.
Torben Lund Skovhus, Richard B Eckert and Edgar Rodrigues (2017). Management and control of microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) in the oil and gas industry - Overview and a North Sea case study. Journal of Biotechnology, 256:31-45.
TL Skovhus, J Lee and D Enning (2017). Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion in the Upstream Oil & Gas Industry. CRC Press. ISBN 9781498726566.
TL Skovhus, ES Andersen and E Hillier (2016). Management of Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion in Risk Based Inspection Analysis, SPE-179930, SPE International Conference and Exhibition on Oilfield Corrosion, Aberdeen, UK, 9–10 May 2016.
TL Skovhus, L Holmkvist, K Andersen, H Pedersen and J Larsen (2012). MIC Risk Assessment of the Halfdan Oil Export Spool, SPE-155080, SPE International Conference and Exhibition on Oilfield Corrosion, Aberdeen, UK, 28–29 May 2012.
90 Presenting Author
Torben Lund Skovhus, MSc, PhD Microbiologist, Docent and Project Manager
VIA University College, Research Center for Built Environment, Energy, Water and Climate
Is the presenting author an IWA Young Water Professional? Y/N (i.e. an IWA member under 35 years of age) No
Bio. Dr. Torben Lund Skovhus is Microbiologist, Docent and Project Manager at VIA University College in the Centre of Applied Research & Development in Building, Energy, Water and Climate (Horsens, Denmark).
He graduated from Aarhus University, Denmark in 2002 with a Master's degree (cand.scient.) in Biology. In 2005 he finished his PhD from Department of Microbiology, Aarhus University.
In 2005, Torben was employed at Danish Technological Institute (DTI) in the Centre for Chemistry and Water Technology. Torben was heading DTI Microbiology Laboratory while he was developing several consultancy and business activities with the oil and gas industry. He founded DTI Oil & Gas in both Denmark and Norway where he was Team and Business Development Leader for five years. Thereafter Torben worked as Project Manager at DNV GL (Det Norske Veritas) in the field of Corrosion Management in both Bergen and Esbjerg.
Torben is currently chair of NACE TEG286X and ISMOS TSC an organization he co-founded in 2006. He is an international scientific reviewer and the author of 70+ technical and scientific papers and book chapters related to industrial microbiology, applied biotechnology, corrosion management, oilfield microbiology, water treatment and safety, reservoir souring and biocorrosion. He is scientific/technical reviewer with >20 international journals in the same fields.
He is the co-editor of the following books:
Oilfield Microbiology (2019), Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion in the Upstream Oil and Gas Industry (2017), Applications of Molecular Microbiological Methods (2014), 3rd International Symposium on Applied Microbiology and Molecular Biology in Oil Systems (2013), Applied Microbiology and Molecular Biology in Oilfield Systems (2011).
In 2020 he received the NACE International Technical Achievement Award.